Maxwell's equations-based dynamic laser-tissue interaction model.

Since its invention in the early 1960s, the laser has been used as a tool for surgical, therapeutic, and diagnostic purposes. To achieve maximum effectiveness with the greatest margin of safety it is important to understand the mechanisms of light propagation through tissue and how that light affects living cells. Lasers with novel output characteristics for medical and military applications are too often implemented prior to proper evaluation with respect to tissue optical properties and human safety.

Optical and spectroscopic properties of human whole blood and plasma with and without Y₂O₃ and Nd³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanoparticles.

The optical properties of human whole blood and blood plasma with and without Y₂O₃ and Nd³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanoparticles are characterized in the near infrared region at 808 nm using a double integrating sphere technique. Using experimentally measured quantities of diffuse reflectance and diffuse transmittance, a computational analysis was conducted utilizing the Kubelka-Munk, the Inverse Adding Doubling, and Magic Light Kubelka-Munk and Monte Carlo Methods to determine optical properties of the absorption and scattering coefficients. Room temperature absorption and emission spectra were also acquired of Nd³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanoparticles elucidating their utility as biological markers.

Optical absorption and scattering of bovine cornea, lens and retina in the visible region.

Optical properties of bovine ocular tissues were determined at laser wavelengths in the visible region. The inverse adding doubling (IAD), Kubelka-Munk (KM), and inverse Monte Carlo (IMC) methods were applied to the measured values of the total diffuse transmission, total diffuse reflection, and collimated transmission to determine the optical absorption and scattering coefficients of the bovine cornea, lens and retina at 457.9 nm, 488 nm, and 514.