T Cell Immunogenicity, Gene Expression Profile, and Safety of Four Heterologous Prime-Boost Combinations of HIV Vaccine Candidates in Healthy Volunteers: Results of the Randomized Multi-Arm Phase I/II ANRS VRI01 Trial.

Heterologous prime-boost strategies are of interest for HIV vaccine development. The order of prime-boost components could be important for the induction of T cell responses. In this phase I/II multi-arm trial, three vaccine candidates were used as prime or boost: modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) HIV-B (coding for Gag, Pol, Nef); HIV LIPO-5 (five lipopeptides from Gag, Pol, Nef); DNA GTU-MultiHIV B (coding for Rev, Nef, Tat, Gag, Env gp160 clade B).

Cystatin C and Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Predict 5-Year Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in People Living With HIV.

Background: Identifying people with HIV (PWH) at risk for chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events, and death is crucial. We evaluated biomarkers to predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events, and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) slope.

Methods: Biomarkers were measured at enrollment.

Hematogenous osteomyelitis in childhood can relapse many years later into adulthood: A retrospective multicentric cohort study in France.

To describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features and the management of adult patients who experienced a relapse between 2003 and 2015 of an acute hematogenous osteomyelitis acquired in childhood.A retrospective multicentric cohort study was conducted in 5 centers in France.Thirty-seven patients were included.

Primary physicians' attitudes toward their patients receiving a proposal to participate in a vaccine trial.

A trustworthy relationship between primary physicians (PPs) and their patients is crucial for vaccine acceptance. Little is known about attitudes of PPs toward participation of their patients in a preventive vaccine trial (PVT) proposed by investigation sites.A cross-sectional study was conducted in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region (France) including an anonymous questionnaire for general practitioners (GPs) and other specialists as well as face-to-face interviews.

A high mucosal blocking score is associated with HIV protection.

Background: Early steps of HIV infection are mediated by the binding of the envelope to mucosal receptors as α4β7 and the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and langerin. Previously Env-specific B-cell responses have been reported in highly exposed seronegative individuals (HESN).

Method: Here, we studied gp120-specific antibodies ability to block HIV interaction with α4β7, DC-SIGN and/or langerinin HESN.

Viral rebound in semen after antiretroviral treatment interruption in an HIV therapeutic vaccine double-blind trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the timing and level of HIV rebound in blood and seminal plasma and to characterize the HIV rebounding populations after antiretroviral treatment interruption (ATI) in HIV-1-infected participants enrolled in a therapeutic vaccine trial.

Design: A 12-week (W) ATI period was proposed at W36 to patients enrolled in the VRI02/ANRS149-LIGHT trial. Paired blood and semen samples were collected before (W32 or W36) and during ATI (W38, W40, W42, W44, and W48).

Vaccines for healthcare-associated infections: present, future, and expectations.

Introduction: In spite of the widespread implementation of preventive strategies, the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remains high. HAIs are associated with multidrug resistant organisms, and in the post-antibiotic era, alternative strategies such as vaccines are needed for their management.

Areas Covered: Vaccines to prevent HAIs could be proposed to at-risk patients, or to healthcare workers (HCWs) to prevent cross-transmission.

Diagnostic challenges of kidney diseases in HIV-infected patients.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent comorbidity in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, early diagnosis of CKD is difficult in PLWH. Areas covered: We reviewed the main diagnostic tools for CKD in PLWH, and discussed their strengths and limits.

Epidemiology and clinical relevance of Staphylococcus aureus intestinal carriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recent data highlight the importance of screening more than one site for improving the detection of S. aureus colonization. Intestinal carriage is frequently under-investigated and its clinical impact ought to be defined a better way.

The Genotyping Resistance Profile of the Pol Gene Detected in Blood of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Men Is Durably Archived in the Gut Whatever the Time of Initiation of cART.

Objective: To evaluate the mutational patterns on the pol gene of the main HIV-1 strain archived in cell genome of 10 chronically infected men according to their clinical and therapeutic history. The genotyping resistance profiles were compared between the first blood plasma available at the time of HIV diagnosis and rectal biopsies and PBMC sampled 1-5 years after the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods: HIV-1 RNA and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA were quantified by Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 and Generic HIV® DNA cell (Biocentric) assays.

Humoral responses against HIV in male genital tract: role in sexual transmission and perspectives for preventive strategies.

: Most new HIV infections occur via sexual routes. The induction of protective anti-HIV antibodies in genital mucosa is an important step toward reducing HIV transmission. Mucosal anti-HIV antibodies may play a dual role by either protecting against HIV transmission or facilitating it.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis after Herpes simplex virus-associated encephalitis: an emerging disease with diagnosis and therapeutic challenges.

Introduction: Morbidity and mortality of Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) remain high. Relapses of neurological signs may occur after initial clinical improvement under acyclovir treatment.

Methods: We report here a case of post-HSE anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated encephalitis in an adult and perform a systematic search on PubMed to identify other cases in adults.

Maraviroc/raltegravir simplification strategy following 6 months of quadruple therapy with tenofovir/emtricitabine/maraviroc/raltegravir in treatment-naive HIV patients.

Objective: We assessed the virological efficacy of a 6 month maraviroc/raltegravir simplification strategy following 6 months of quadruple therapy combining tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine with maraviroc/raltegravir.

Methods: HIV-1-infected naive patients were enrolled in an open label, single-arm, Phase 2 trial. All patients received maraviroc 300 mg twice daily, raltegravir 400 mg twice daily and tenofovir/emtricitabine for 24 weeks.

Immunization of HIV-infected adult patients - French recommendations.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients remain at increased risk of infection including vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccines are therefore critical components in the protection of HIV-infected patients from an increasing number of preventable diseases. However, missed opportunities for vaccination among HIV-infected patients persist and vaccine coverage in this population could be improved.

Major influence of CD4 count at the initiation of cART on viral and immunological reservoir constitution in HIV-1 infected patients.

Background: A persistent immune activation is observed in gut during HIV-1 infection, which is not completely reversed by a combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The impact of the time of cART initiation may highly influence the size of the viral reservoir and the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells in the gut. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of HIV rectal reservoir of long-term treated patients, regarding their blood CD4(+) T cells count at the time of cART initiation.

Prospective evaluation of RT-PCR on sputum versus culture, urinary antigens and serology for Legionnaire's disease diagnosis.

Objectives: Legionnaires' disease (LD) is a severe disease associated with community and hospital-acquired pneumonia, frequently under diagnosed. The main aim of our study was to determine the value of PCR for the diagnosis of LD in routine clinical practice.

Methods: In a prospective study, from March 2007 to April 2010, the value of PCR on non-invasive respiratory specimens (NIRS) was compared to those of the other available tools for LD diagnosis in patients hospitalized for pneumonia.

Vaccination errors in general practice: creation of a preventive checklist based on a multimodal analysis of declared errors.

Background: Vaccination is a common act in general practice in which, as in all procedures in medicine, errors may occur. To our best knowledge, in this area, few tools exist to prevent them.

Objective: To create a checklist that could be used in general practice in order to avoid the main errors.

Identifying Hemodialysis Patients With the Highest Risk of Staphylococcus aureus Endogenous Infection Through a Simple Nasal Sampling Algorithm.

In contrast to Staphylococcus aureus intermittent nasal carriers, persistent ones have the highest risk of infection. This study reports the usefulness of a simple nasal sampling algorithm to identify the S. aureus nasal carriage state of hemodialysis patients (HPs) and their subsequent risk of infection.

Pre-travel advice seeking from GPs by travellers with chronic illness seen at a travel clinic.

Purpose: Travellers are ageing and frequently report chronic illness. Pre-travel health advice is crucial, particularly in this subgroup, and general practitioners (GPs) are first in line for treatment adjustment before departure. Our aim is to evaluate pre-travel health advice seeking from GPs by travellers with chronic illness seen at a travel clinic.

[Survey among French dialysis practitioners about the screening and decolonization of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in dialysis patients].

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is frequent in dialysis patients and is associated with an increased risk of staphylococcal infections in this population. Data from the literature showed that decolonization of S. aureus nasal carriers in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis reduce S.