Cross-sectional study of partners' tobacco consumption during their spouse's pregnancy.

Background: A smoking partner is a major risk factor for passive smoking and continued maternal smoking.

Objective: To assess the smoking habits, knowledge, and information received to stop smoking of smoking partners during their spouse's pregnancy.

Method: This was a cross-sectional study of partners who smoked at the start of pregnancy and whose spouses had just given birth.

Analysis of glycemic control in diabetic patients by monitoring HbA1c levels before, during and after Covid-19 confinement in Auvergne, France.

Objectives: To describe glycemic control in diabetic patients monitored by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) before, during and after COVID-19 confinement. To identify factors, measured before confinement, associated with HbA1c testing during confinement and those associated with a 1 % increase in HbA1c after confinement.

Method: Retrospective, descriptive study of diabetic patients over 18 years old who underwent at least one HbA1c test before and after confinement.

Genetic analysis of the blood transcriptome of young healthy pigs to improve disease resilience.

Background: Disease resilience is the ability of an animal to maintain productive performance under disease conditions and is an important selection target. In pig breeding programs, disease resilience must be evaluated on selection candidates without exposing them to disease. To identify potential genetic indicators for disease resilience that can be measured on selection candidates, we focused on the blood transcriptome of 1594 young healthy pigs with subsequent records on disease resilience.

The French ecology of medical care. A nationwide population-based cross sectional study.

Purpose: Studies in the United States, Canada, Belgium, and Switzerland showed that the majority of health problems are managed within primary health care; however, the ecology of French medical care has not yet been described.

Methods: Nationwide, population-based, cross sectional study. In 2018, we included data from 576,125 beneficiaries from the General Sample of Beneficiaries database.

Laparoscopic ovum-pick up and in vitro embryo production in gonadotropin-stimulated gilts: Preliminary results and envisioned applications.

The present study was conducted to establish if laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) could be adapted to the swine species, and if the developmental competence of LOPU-sourced oocytes from peripubertal gilts could be improved by gonadotropin stimulation, by comparing with oocytes sourced from slaughtered gilts lacking hormonal stimulation. Estrus was synchronized in 34 gilts of ∼6-8 months of age by daily oral administration of 17.6 mg altrenogest for 13 days and 10 mg dinoprost IM on the last day of altrenogest.

Observation of Genetic Gain with Instrumental Insemination of Honeybee Queens.

Controlling mating in the honeybee () is part of one of the greatest challenges for the beekeeping industry's genetic selection programs due to specific characteristics of their reproduction. Several techniques for supervising honeybee mating with relative effective control have been developed over the years to allow honeybee selection. As part of this project, we compared the genetic gains for several colony performance traits, obtained using the BLUP-animal method, according to the selection pressure applied in controlled reproduction (directed fertilization versus instrumental insemination).

Screen exposure time of children under 6 years old: a French cross-sectional survey in general practices in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

Background: The advent of miniature, easy-to-use and accessible multimedia products is leading to screen exposure that begins in early childhood. Overexposure in preschool may lead to adverse effects. The main objective of this study was to determine the average daily time (ADT) spent by children under 6 years of age, followed in general practice, in front of television or interactive screens.

Exploration of plasma metabolite levels in healthy nursery pigs in response to environmental enrichment and disease resilience.

The purpose of this study was to explore plasma metabolite levels in young healthy pigs and their potential association with disease resilience and estimate genetic and phenotypic correlation with the change in lymphocyte concentration following disease challenge. Plasma samples were collected from 968 healthy nursery pigs over 15 batches at an average of 28 ± 3.23 d of age.

Plasma protein levels of young healthy pigs as indicators of disease resilience.

Selection for disease resilience, which refers to the ability of an animal to maintain performance when exposed to disease, can reduce the impact of infectious diseases. However, direct selection for disease resilience is challenging because nucleus herds must maintain a high health status. A possible solution is indirect selection of indicators of disease resilience.

Real-Life Testing of the Prescription Opioid Misuse Index in French Primary Care.

Analgesic opioid (AO) misuse by patients ranges from 0% to 50%. General practitioners are the first prescribers of AO. Our objective was to validate the Prescription Opioid Misuse Index (POMI) in primary care.

Barriers and Expectations of Adolescents Regarding the Identification and Management of Their Psychoactive Substance Use by Their General Practitioner.

Aims: General practitioners (GPs), who are the most frequently consulted health professionals by adolescents, play a key role in screening for psychoactive substance (PAS) use. The purpose of our study was to determine the barriers and expectations of adolescents regarding the identification and management of their PAS use by their general practitioner.

Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study of a population of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, followed up in general practice in France.

Effectiveness of brief interventions in primary care for cannabis users aged from 12 to 25 years old: a systematic review.

Introduction: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of brief interventions realized in primary care in reducing cannabis use for adolescents and emerging adults.

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and Central (Cochrane Library) were searched until December 2020. Randomized controlled trials conducted in primary care, concerning in-person brief interventions for non-medical cannabis users aged from 12 to 25 years old were eligible for inclusion.

Profile of patients with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin ≥ 10% followed in general practice.

Objective: To determine whether profiles of patients with unbalanced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 10% could be identified on the basis of socio-demographic, behavioural, clinical, and biological characteristics.

Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, factorial analysis study of patients with T2DM treated for at least 1 year, with HbA1c ≥ 10%. Patients were recruited via medical analysis laboratories, France.

Quantitative analysis of the blood transcriptome of young healthy pigs and its relationship with subsequent disease resilience.

Background: Disease resilience, which is the ability of an animal to maintain performance under disease, is important for pigs in commercial herds, where they are exposed to various pathogens. Our objective was to investigate population-level gene expression profiles in the blood of 912 healthy F1 barrows at ~ 27 days of age for associations with performance and health before and after their exposure to a natural polymicrobial disease challenge at ~ 43 days of age.

Results: Most significant (q < 0.

Investigating the genetic architecture of disease resilience in pigs by genome-wide association studies of complete blood count traits collected from a natural disease challenge model.

Background: Genetic improvement for disease resilience is anticipated to be a practical method to improve efficiency and profitability of the pig industry, as resilient pigs maintain a relatively undepressed level of performance in the face of infection. However, multiple biological functions are known to be involved in disease resilience and this complexity means that the genetic architecture of disease resilience remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 465,910 autosomal SNPs for complete blood count (CBC) traits that are important in an animal's disease response.

Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy piglets after mitogen stimulation as indicators of disease resilience.

Disease resilience refers to the productivity of an animal under disease. Given the high biosecurity of pig nucleus herds, traits that can be measured on healthy pigs and that are genetically correlated with disease resilience, that is, genetic indicator traits, offer a strategy to select for disease resilience. Our objective was to evaluate mitogen stimulation assays (MSAs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young healthy pigs as genetic indicators for disease resilience.

Protective effects of dietary carnosine during in-vitro digestion of pork differing in fat content and cooking conditions.

Muscle carnosine represents an important health advantage of meat. Ground pork samples with intrinsic or added carnosine; fat content; and cooked under low or high intensity as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial were digested in-vitro. Changes in free carnosine and in markers of lipid (hexanal, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein (protein-carbonyls, thiols) oxidation, and of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) N -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) were determined in the saliva, gastric, and duodenal digests.

The genetic basis of natural antibody titers of young healthy pigs and relationships with disease resilience.

Background: Disease resilience is the ability to maintain performance under pathogen exposure but is difficult to select for because breeding populations are raised under high health. Selection for resilience requires a trait that is heritable, easy to measure on healthy animals, and genetically correlated with resilience. Natural antibodies (NAb) are important parts of the innate immune system and are found to be heritable and associated with disease susceptibility in dairy cattle and poultry.

Genetic Parameters of Honey Bee Colonies Traits in a Canadian Selection Program.

Genetic selection has led to spectacular advances in animal production in many domestic species. However, it is still little applied to honey bees (), whose complex genetic and reproductive characteristics are a challenge to model statistically. Advances in informatics now enable creation of a statistical model consistent with honey bee genetics, and, consequently, genetic selection for this species.

Exploring Phenotypes for Disease Resilience in Pigs Using Complete Blood Count Data From a Natural Disease Challenge Model.

Disease resilience is a valuable trait to help manage infectious diseases in livestock. It is anticipated that improved disease resilience will sustainably increase production efficiency, as resilient animals maintain their performance in the face of infection. The objective of this study was to identify phenotypes related to disease resilience using complete blood count (CBC) data from a wean-to-finish natural disease challenge model, established to mimic the disease pressure caused by many common pathogens at the commercial level of pig production.