A Quantitative Comparison Between Human and Artificial Intelligence in the Detection of Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is thought to improve lesion detection. However, a lack of knowledge about human performance prevents a comparative evaluation of AI and an accurate assessment of its impact on clinical decision-making. The objective of this work is to quantitatively evaluate the ability of humans to detect focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), compare it to state-of-the-art AI, and determine how it may aid diagnostics.

Brain and Ventricle Volume Alterations in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Determined by Artificial Intelligence-Based MRI Volumetry.

The aim of this study was to employ artificial intelligence (AI)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volumetry to potentially distinguish between idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (CG) by evaluating cortical, subcortical, and ventricular volumes. Additionally, correlations between the measured brain and ventricle volumes and two established semi-quantitative radiologic markers for iNPH were examined. An IRB-approved retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 age- and sex-matched subjects (41 iNPH, 41 AD, and 41 controls), with all of the iNPH patients undergoing routine clinical brain MRI prior to ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation.

Motor and non-motor outcome in tremor dominant Parkinson's disease after MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy.

Background And Objectives: Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an emerging technique for the treatment of severe, medication-refractory tremor syndromes. We here report motor and non-motor outcomes 6 and 12 months after unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (tdPD).

Methods: 25 patients with tdPD underwent neuropsychological evaluation including standardized questionnaires of disability, quality of life (QoL), mood, anxiety, apathy, sleep disturbances, and cognition at baseline, 6 and 12 months after MRgFUS.

Incidence of hippocampal and perihippocampal brain metastases and impact on hippocampal-avoiding radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose: In patients requiring prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) or whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases (BMs), hippocampal avoidance (HA) has been shown to preserve neurocognitive function and quality of life. Here, we aim to estimate the incidence of hippocampal and perihippocampal BMs and the subsequent risk of local undertreatment in patients undergoing hippocampal sparing radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched with the terms "Hippocampus", "Brain Neoplasms", and related terms.

Synchronous versus metachronous spinal metastasis: a comparative study of survival outcomes following neurosurgical treatment.

Purpose: Patients with spinal metastases (SM) from solid neoplasms typically exhibit progression to an advanced cancer stage. Such metastases can either develop concurrently with an existing cancer diagnosis (termed metachronous SM) or emerge as the initial indication of an undiagnosed malignancy (referred to as synchronous SM). The present study investigates the prognostic implications of synchronous compared to metachronous SM following surgical resection.

Non-invasive physical plasma for preventing radiation dermatitis in breast cancer: Results from an intrapatient-randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background And Purpose: To investigate the effect of topical non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), a volatile mix generated out of ambient air, on prevention of acute radiation dermatitis (RD) during and after whole-breast irradiation (WBI).

Materials And Methods: Lateral and medial breast halves were randomised within each patient to receive either 120 s of NIPP or sham treatment daily during WBI. Standard skin care with urea lotion was applied to the whole breast.

Artificial-intelligence-based MRI brain volumetry in patients with essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease.

Essential tremor and Parkinson's disease patients may present with various tremor types. Overlapping tremor features can be challenging to diagnosis and misdiagnosis is common. Although underlying neurodegenerative mechanisms are suggested, neuroimaging studies arrived at controversial results and often the different tremor types were not considered.

Frequency and Characteristics of Spinal Bleeding Sources in Nontraumatic Angiogram-Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Introduction: Angiogram-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (AN-SAH) accounts for 5-15% of spontaneous SAH. This study aims to analyze the frequency and characteristics of spinal bleeding sources in patients with AN-SAH.

Methods: 140 patients suffering from AN-SAH treated at our institution from 2012 to 2022 were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Intraoperative or postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: time to systemic treatment onset and other patient-relevant outcomes.

Purpose: Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has become a viable treatment option for resectable brain metastases (BMs). As data on local control and radiation necrosis rates are maturing, we focus on meaningful secondary endpoints such as time to next treatment (TTNT), duration of postoperative corticosteroid treatment, and in-hospital time.

Methods: Patients prospectively recruited within an IORT study registry between November 2020 and June 2023 were compared with consecutive patients receiving adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of the resection cavity within the same time frame.

MRgFUS of the nucleus ventralis intermedius in essential tremor modulates functional connectivity within the classical tremor network and beyond.

Background: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus is an incisionless lesional treatment for essential tremor.

Objective: To examine relationships between tremor severity and functional connectivity in patients with essential tremor and to assess long-term changes in the tremor network after sonication of the ventral intermediate nucleus.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with essential tremor (70.

Barrier films for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Purpose: Radiation dermatitis (RD) is the most common side effect of adjuvant whole-breast or chest wall irradiation, majorly impacting quality of life in numerous patients. The use of barrier films (polyurethane dressings such as Hydrofilm® and Mepitel® film remaining on the skin for the duration of the radiation treatment) has been investigated as a prophylactic measure in several prospective trials. Here, we critically appraise the available evidence behind preventive barrier film application in the context of breast cancer treatment.

Brain Volume Changes after COVID-19 Compared to Healthy Controls by Artificial Intelligence-Based MRI Volumetry.

Cohort studies that quantify volumetric brain data among individuals with different levels of COVID-19 severity are presently limited. It is still uncertain whether there exists a potential correlation between disease severity and the effects of COVID-19 on brain integrity. Our objective was to assess the potential impact of COVID-19 on measured brain volume in patients with asymptomatic/mild and severe disease after recovery from infection, compared with healthy controls, using artificial intelligence (AI)-based MRI volumetry.

Correlation between Blood Type 0 and Risk of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common disease in the neurological and neurosurgical world. The recommended treatment for cSDH patients with moderate or severe neurological symptoms is surgical evacuation, but cSDH frequently recurs. The patient's ABO blood type may influence the outcome.

Five-Fraction Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases-A Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: To determine the safety and outcome profile of five-fraction stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for brain metastases (BM), either as a definitive or adjuvant treatment.

Methods: We assessed clinical data of patients receiving five fractions of 7 Gy each (cumulative physical dose of 35 Gy) to BM or surgical cavities. The primary endpoints were toxicity and radiation necrosis (RN) rates.

Postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilation correlates to poor survival in patients with surgically treated spinal metastasis.

Objective: Patients with spinal metastasis (SM) are at advanced stages of systemic cancer disease. Surgical therapy for SM is a common treatment modality enabling histopathological diagnosis and the prevention of severe neurological deficits. However, surgery for SM in this vulnerable patient cohort may require prolonged postoperative intensive care treatment, which could adversely affect the anticipated benefit of the surgery.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: a retrospective single-center study of 372 patients.

Background: Complication rates in percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) are non-uniform and vary considerably. In addition, the impact of peri-procedural risk factors is under-investigated.

Purpose: To compare success and complication rates of PTBD in patients with and without accompanying technical risk factors.

MAC-spinal meningioma score: A proposal for a quick-to-use scoring sheet of the MIB-1 index in sporadic spinal meningiomas.

Objective: MIB-1 index is an important predictor of meningioma progression. However, MIB-1 index is not available in the preoperative tailored medical decision-making process. A preoperative scoring sheet independently estimating MIB-1 indices in spinal meningioma (SM) patients has not been investigated so far.

Benchmarking Safety Indicators of Surgical Treatment of Brain Metastases Combined with Intraoperative Radiotherapy: Results of Prospective Observational Study with Comparative Matched-Pair Analysis.

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) of the operative cavity for surgically treated brain metastasis (BM) has gained increasing prominence with respect to improved local tumor control. However, IORT immediately performed at the time of surgery might be associated with increased levels of perioperative adverse events (PAEs). In the present study, we performed safety metric profiling in patients who had undergone surgery for BM with and without IORT in order to comparatively analyze feasibility of IORT as an adjuvant radiation approach.

Proton Density Fat Fraction Spine MRI for Differentiation of Erosive Vertebral Endplate Degeneration and Infectious Spondylitis.

Vertebral Modic type 1 (MT1) degeneration may mimic infectious disease on conventional spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), potentially leading to additional costly and invasive investigations. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) for distinguishing MT1 degenerative endplate changes from infectious spondylitis. A total of 31 and 22 patients with equivocal diagnosis of MT1 degeneration and infectious spondylitis, respectively, were retrospectively enrolled in this IRB-approved retrospective study and examined with a chemical-shift encoding (CSE)-based water-fat 3D six-echo modified Dixon sequence in addition to routine clinical spine MRI.

Detection of Degenerative Changes on MR Images of the Lumbar Spine with a Convolutional Neural Network: A Feasibility Study.

Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on multiple MR imaging features of the lumbar spine, to detect a variety of different degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. One hundred and forty-six consecutive patients underwent routine clinical MRI of the lumbar spine including T2-weighted imaging and were retrospectively analyzed using a CNN for detection and labeling of vertebrae, disc segments, as well as presence of disc herniation, disc bulging, spinal canal stenosis, nerve root compression, and spondylolisthesis. The assessment of a radiologist served as the diagnostic reference standard.

Sudden paraparesis due to spinal cord ischemia with initial contrast enhancement of the cauda equina and time-delayed owl-eyes sign on follow-up MR imaging: a case report.

We report on a case of a 52-year-old male with sudden paraparesis. The initial MRI showed contrast enhancement of the conus medullaris and the complete cauda equina. Follow-up MRI revealed a spinal ischemia in the anterior portion of the spinal cord.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Vertebral Lesions : Combination of Diffusion-Weighted and Proton Density Fat Fraction Spine MRI.

Purpose: To compare and combine the diagnostic performance of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) derived from chemical-shift encoding (CSE)-based water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for distinguishing benign and malignant vertebral bone marrow lesions (VBML).

Methods: A total of 55 consecutive patients with 53 benign (traumatic, inflammatory and primary) and 36 malignant (metastatic and hematologic) previously untreated VBMLs were prospectively enrolled in this IRB-approved study and underwent sagittal DWI (single-shot spin-echo echo-planar with multi-slice short TI inversion recovery fat suppression) and CSE-based MRI (gradient-echo 6‑point modified Dixon) in addition to routine clinical spine MRI at 1.5 T or 3.

Objective Evaluation of Risk Factors for Radiation Dermatitis in Whole-Breast Irradiation Using the Spectrophotometric L*a*b Color-Space.

: Radiation-induced dermatitis (RID) is frequent in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). Spectrophotometry (SP) is an objective and reliable tool for assessing RID severity. Despite intensive research efforts during the past decades, no sustainable prophylactic and treatment strategies have been found.