Randomized double-masked controlled trial of cognitive training in breast cancer survivors: a preliminary study.

Purpose: To evaluate the acceptability, satisfaction, and preliminary efficacy of cognitive training for improving cognitive function and health outcomes in breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Patients And Methods: BCS enrolled in this 2-group randomized, double-masked controlled trial of cognitive training. Primary outcomes included the acceptability and satisfaction of the interventions.

Lifecourse socioeconomic position and diabetes incidence in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, 2003 to 2016.

Low socioeconomic position (SEP) across the lifecourse is associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We examined whether these economic disparities differ by race and sex. We included 5448 African American (AA) and white participants aged ≥45 years from the national (United States) REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort without T2DM at baseline (2003-07).

Vascular-brain Injury Progression after Stroke (VIPS) study: concept for understanding racial and geographic determinants of cognitive decline after stroke.

Cognitive impairment and dementia (CID) are major public health problems with substantial personal, social, and financial burdens. African Americans are at a heightened risk for Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) compared to European Americans. Recent lines of evidence also suggest a high burden of Post-stroke VCI among indigenous Africans.

Galectin-3 and incident cognitive impairment in REGARDS, a cohort of blacks and whites.

Introduction: The relationship between serum galectin-3 and incident cognitive impairment was analyzed in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.

Methods: Baseline galectin-3 was measured in 455 cases of incident cognitive impairment and 546 controls. Galectin-3 was divided into quartiles based on the weighted distribution in the control group, and the first quartile was the referent.

Anticholinergics Influence Transition from Normal Cognition to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults in Primary Care.

Study Objective: To determine the influence of anticholinergic medications on transitions in cognitive diagnosis of older adults in primary care.

Design: This observational cohort study was conducted over a mean follow-up of 3.2 years.

Dietary patterns are associated with cognitive function in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.

Identifying factors that contribute to the preservation of cognitive function is imperative to maintaining quality of life in advanced years. Of modifiable risk factors, diet quality has emerged as a promising candidate to make an impact on cognition. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between empirically derived dietary patterns and cognitive function.

ABO blood type, factor VIII, and incident cognitive impairment in the REGARDS cohort.

Objective: To assess the relationships among ABO group, factor VIII (FVIII), and incident cognitive impairment in a large, prospective cohort study of black and white adults in the United States using a nested case-control design.

Methods: Incident cognitive impairment was defined using cognitive domain tests over a mean follow-up of 3.4 years.

Risk factors for the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia.

The increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment among the older adult population warrants attention to the identification of practices that may minimize the progression of early forms of cognitive impairment, including the transitional stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to permanent stages of dementia. This article identifies both markers of disease progress and risk factors linked to the progression of MCI to dementia. Potentially modifiable risk factors may offer researchers a point of intervention to modify the effect of the risk factor and to minimize the future burden of dementia.

Advanced cognitive training for breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and satisfaction/acceptability of training in memory or speed of processing versus wait-list control for improving cognitive function in breast cancer survivors. 82 breast cancer survivors completed a three-group randomized, controlled trial. Primary outcomes were objective neuropsychological tests of memory and speed of processing.

Medication adherence in older adults with cognitive impairment: a systematic evidence-based review.

Background: Cognitive impairment challenges the ability to adhere to the complex medication regimens needed to treat multiple medical problems in older adults.

Objective: Our aim was to conduct a systematic evidence-based review to identify barriers to medication adherence in cognitively impaired older adults and interventions aimed at improving medication adherence.

Methods: A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, GoogleDocs, and CINAHL for articles published between 1966 and February 29, 2012 was performed.

Behavioral symptoms in community-dwelling elderly Nigerians with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and normal cognition.

Background: Few studies have examined the neuropsychiatric status of patients with dementia and cognitive impairment in the developing world despite the fact that current demographic trends suggest an urgent need for such studies.

Objective: To assess the level of neuropsychiatric symptoms in community-dwelling individuals with dementia, cognitive impairment no dementia and normal cognition.

Methods: Subjects were from the Ibadan site of Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia Project with stable diagnoses of normal cognition, cognitive impairment, no dementia/mild cognitive impairment (CIND/MCI), and dementia.

Albuminuria, kidney function, and the incidence of cognitive impairment among adults in the United States.

Background: Albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are each associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, but their joint association is unknown.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting & Participants: A US national sample of 19,399 adults without cognitive impairment at baseline participating in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke) Study.

A comparative study to screen dementia and APOE genotypes in an ageing East African population.

Previous studies have established cross-cultural methods to screen for ageing- related dementia and susceptibility genes, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD) among the Canadian Cree, African Americans and Yoruba in Nigeria. We determined whether the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID), translated into Kikuyu, a major language of Kenya, could be used to evaluate dementia of the Alzheimer type. Using two sets of coefficients of cognitive and informant scores, two discriminant function (DF) scores were calculated for each of 100 elderly (>65 years) Nyeri Kenyans.

Who refuses the diagnostic assessment for dementia in primary care?

Objective: Early screening and detection of dementia in primary care remains controversial. At least half of the patients identified as cognitively impaired by screening instruments do not meet criteria for dementia and some patients refuse further evaluation following a positive screen. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of patients who refuse a clinical diagnostic assessment for dementia after screening.

Effects of stimulus predictability and interstimulus gap on saccades in Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: Studies of saccadic eye movement impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have largely focused on simple reflexive eye movements and the antisaccade task. The effects of manipulating stimulus timing have been little studied.

Methods: Fourteen patients with mild to severe AD and 11 age-matched controls were studied on the antisaccade task, while latencies on simultaneous, gap and predictable tasks were recorded from 11 patients and 11 controls.