Catastrophic injuries in pole vaulters: a prospective 9-year follow-up study.

Background: A prior review of catastrophic pole vaulting injuries from 1982 through 1998 revealed an average of 2.0 injuries per year, with 69% (1.38 per year) of the injuries secondary to athletes landing off the sides or back of the landing pad and 25% (0.

Catastrophic injuries in high school and college baseball players.

Background: There are few epidemiologic studies of catastrophic baseball injuries.

Purpose: To develop a profile of catastrophic injuries in baseball players and to describe relevant risk factors.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.