Overwintering site selection and associated microclimates for the redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a non-native pest of soybean.

Cold winter temperatures govern the distribution and abundance of many insect species, but refugia that provide microclimates can moderate temperature-driven mortality. Winter temperatures have been implicated in limiting the survival and range of Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae; redbanded stink bug), an economically damaging invasive pest in the southeastern United States, but the role of refugia in overwintering survival of this pest is poorly understood. We conducted 2 studies in successive years to evaluate how leaf litter from hardwoods, pines, and soybeans modulate overwintering site selection and survival of P.

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of a ryanodine receptor in soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens.

Diamide insecticides, such as chlorantraniliprole, have been widely used to control insect pests by targeting the insect ryanodine receptor (RyR). Due to the efficacious insecticidal activity of diamides, as well as an increasing number of resistance cases, the molecular structure of RyR has been studied in many economically important insects. However, no research has been conducted on diamide resistance and RyR in the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a significant crop pest.

Evidence for Two Soybean Looper Strains in the United States with Limited Capacity for Cross-Hybridization.

The noctuid moth soybean looper (SBL), (Walker) is an economically important pest of soybeans ( (L.) Merr.) in the southeastern United States.

Investigating the Migratory Behavior of Soybean Looper, a Major Pest of Soybean, through Comparisons with the Corn Pest Fall Armyworm Using Mitochondrial Haplotypes and a Sex-Linked Marker.

The Noctuid moth soybean looper (SBL), (Walker), is an economically important pest of soybean ( (Linnaeus) Merrill). Because it is not known to survive freezing winters, permanent populations in the United States are believed to be limited to the southern regions of Texas and Florida, yet its geographical range of infestations annually extend to Canada. This indicates annual migrations of thousands of kilometers during the spring and summer growing season.

Standardized Field Trials in Cotton and Bioassays to Evaluate Resistance of Tobacco Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to Insecticides in the Southern United States.

Foliar-applied insecticide treatments may be necessary to manage thrips in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under severe infestations or when at-planting insecticide seed treatments do not provide satisfactory protection. The most common foliar-applied insecticide is acephate.

Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient.

Overwintering success is an important determinant of arthropod populations that must be considered as climate change continues to influence the spatiotemporal population dynamics of agricultural pests. Using a long-term monitoring database and biologically relevant overwintering zones, we modeled the annual and seasonal population dynamics of a common pest, (Boddie), based on three overwintering suitability zones throughout North America using four decades of soil temperatures: the southern range (able to persist through winter), transitional zone (uncertain overwintering survivorship), and northern limits (unable to survive winter). Our model indicates population dynamics are hierarchically structured with continental-level effects that are partitioned into three geographic zones.

Effects of Soybean Planting Date on Yield Loss From Defoliation.

Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is planted during 3.

Vertical and temporal distribution of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in determinate and indeterminate soybean.

Most oviposition by Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) occurs near the top of the canopy in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr, and larval abundance is influenced by the growth habit of plants. However, the vertical distribution of larvae within the canopy is not as well known.

Novaluron prevents oogenesis and oviposition by inducing ultrastructural changes in ovarian tissue of young adult Lygus lineolaris.

Background: The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), has emerged as a major pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L, in the mid-southern USA. In the early 1990s L. lineolaris populations developed resistance to several classes of conventional insecticides, increasing the need for insecticides with alternative modes of action such as insect growth regulators (IGRs) for integrated pest management (IPM).

Resistance monitoring to four insecticides and mechanisms of resistance in Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (Hemiptera: Miridae) populations of southeastern USA cotton.

Background: Economically damaging infestations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), have become more frequent in Virginia and North Carolina cotton since 2013 and 2010, respectively. Foliar insecticide use has increased dramatically in response. Efficacy data (LC ) are needed to evaluate L.

Location of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on different plant parts of determinate and indeterminate soybean.

Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is a damaging pest of many crops including soybean, Glycine max (L.), especially in the southern United States. Previous studies have concluded that oviposition and development of H.

Behavioral Responses of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) to a New Bt Toxin, Cry51Aa2.834_16 in Cotton.

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), are among the most important insect pests of cotton, Gosssypium hirsutum, in the mid-southern United States. These pests are currently managed primarily by insecticides; however, a new Bt toxin, Cry51Aa2.834_16 is under evaluation for control of thrips and tarnished plant bug.

Quantifying the Impact of Excluding Insecticide Classes From Cotton Integrated Pest Management Programs in the U.S. Mid-South.

Current assessments from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency suggest that some current insecticides may be lost or severely restricted in the near future.

Influence of Temperature on the Efficacy of Foliar Insecticide Sprays Against Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations in Grain Sorghum.

The use of foliar insecticide sprays at low temperatures may result in decreased efficacy in grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, for control of sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). Sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone were evaluated to determine the impact of temperature on their efficacy against sugarcane aphid in grain sorghum.

Neonicotinoid Insecticide Resistance in Tobacco Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of Mississippi.

Insecticidal efficacy of neonicotinoid insecticides used against tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in cotton, Gossypium hirisutum L. (Malvales: Malvaceae), was evaluated for field populations collected in Mississippi during 2014-2016. Resistance was documented in 16 and 57% of populations to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, respectively.

Effects of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis cotton on insecticide use, heliothine counts, plant damage, and cotton yield: A meta-analysis, 1996-2015.

The primary management tactic for lepidopteran pests of cotton in the United States of America (USA) is the use of transgenic cotton that produces Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins. The primary target pests of this technology are Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) in the eastern and central Cotton Belt of the USA.

Effects of Bt Corn on the Development and Fecundity of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is only moderately susceptible to most toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) expressed in transgenic corn. To better understand the impact of Bt corn on the life cycle of H. zea, we collected pupae of H.

Impact of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Field Corn (Poales: Poaceae) Yield and Grain Quality.

Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), commonly infests field corn, Zea mays (L.). The combination of corn plant biology, corn earworm behavior in corn ecosystems, and field corn value renders corn earworm management with foliar insecticides noneconomical.

Susceptibility to insecticides and activities of glutathione S-transferase and esterase in populations of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Mississippi.

Background: Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is a serious pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Mississippi, particularly in the Delta region. This may be due to decreased insecticide susceptibility in that region.

Risk assessment for Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance on dual-gene versus single-gene corn.

Recent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) decisions regarding resistance management in Bt-cropping systems have prompted concern in some experts that dual-gene Bt-corn (CrylA.105 and Cry2Ab2 toxins) may result in more rapid selection for resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) than single-gene Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-corn (CrylAb toxin). The concern is that Bt-toxin longevity could be significantly reduced with recent adoption of a natural refuge for dual-gene Bt-cotton (CrylAc and Cry2Ab2 toxins) and concurrent reduction in dual-gene corn refuge from 50 to 20%.

Impact of Nosema (Microsporidia) infection and fumagillin treatment on Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae).

A consistent supply of healthy tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is necessary for the development of novel management strategies targeting this pest. After being in culture for several years, a substantial portion of a tarnished plant bug colony was found to be infected with a Nosema (Microsporidia) species. Studies were subsequently undertaken to evaluate the impact of Nosema infection on tarnished plant bug productivity and to test the efficacy of fumagillin to treat this infection.

Pyrethroid insecticide tolerance in bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata, in the Mississippi Delta.

Background: Pyrethroid insecticides have historically been effective for controlling bean leaf beetles in soybeans. Perceived field efficacy in the Mississippi Delta region has been lower over the past several years. Laboratory and field data were collected to determine whether there has been a reduction in pyrethroid insecticide susceptibility.

Distribution of the long-horned beetle, Dectes texanus, in soybeans of Missouri, Western Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas.

The long-horned beetle, Dectes texanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a stem-boring pest of soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabales: Fabaceae). Soybean stems and stubble were collected from 131 counties in Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee and dissected to determine D.

Tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) thresholds for cotton before bloom in the Midsouth of the United States.

Insecticide applications to control tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), during cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., bud formation are common throughout the Midsouth of the United States. Cultivation practices and the pest complex have changed since action thresholds were established for this pest.