Disinfection by-product formation and mitigation strategies in point-of-use chlorination with sodium dichloroisocyanurate in Tanzania.

Almost a billion persons lack access to improved drinking water, and diarrheal diseases cause an estimated 1.87 million deaths per year. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets are widely recommended for household water treatment to reduce diarrhea.

Epidemic parenteral exposure to volatile sulfur-containing compounds at a hemodialysis center.

Objective: To determine the cause of acute illness on August 30, 2000, among patients at an outpatient dialysis center (center A).

Design: We performed a cohort study of all patients receiving dialysis on August 30, 2000; reviewed dialysis procedures; and analyzed dialysis water samples using microbiologic and chemical assays.

Setting: Dialysis center (center A).