An engineered immunogen activates diverse HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors and promotes acquisition of improbable mutations.

Elicitation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) by vaccination first requires the activation of diverse precursors, followed by successive boosts that guide these responses to enhanced breadth through the acquisition of somatic mutations. Because HIV bnAbs contain mutations in their B cell receptors (BCRs) that are rarely generated during conventional B cell maturation, HIV vaccine immunogens must robustly engage and expand B cells with BCRs that contain these improbable mutations. Here, we engineered an immunogen that activates diverse precursors of an HIV V3-glycan bnAb and promotes their acquisition of a functionally critical improbable mutation.

Spontaneous base flipping helps drive Nsp15's preferences in double stranded RNA substrates.

Coronaviruses evade detection by the host immune system with the help of the endoribonuclease Nsp15, which regulates levels of viral double stranded RNA by cleaving 3' of uridine (U). While prior structural data shows that to cleave double stranded RNA, Nsp15's target U must be flipped out of the helix, it is not yet understood whether Nsp15 initiates flipping or captures spontaneously flipped bases. We address this gap by designing fluorinated double stranded RNA substrates that allow us to directly relate a U's sequence context to both its tendency to spontaneously flip and its susceptibility to cleavage by Nsp15.

Downscaled climate change threats to United States freshwater finfish aquaculture.

Climate change threatens food production, yet gaps remain in our understanding of these threats to aquaculture, the fastest growing food production subsector. To build climate-resilient practices and policies we need to quantify and map current and future climate threats to aquaculture. Here, we explore how downscaled climate change [SSP 2 (eq.

The Development of a Digital Patient Navigation Tool to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Federally Qualified Health Center Patients: Acceptability and Usability Testing.

Background: Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are an essential place for historically underserved patients to access health care, including screening for colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the leading causes of cancer death in the United States. Novel interventions aimed at increasing CRC screening completion rates at FQHCs are crucial.

Objective: This study conducts user testing of a digital patient navigation tool, called eNav, designed to support FQHC patients in preparing for, requesting, and completing CRC screening tests.

Cumulative human impacts on global marine fauna highlight risk to biological and functional diversity.

Anthropogenic stressors to marine ecosystems from climate change and human activities increase extinction risk of species, disrupt ecosystem integrity, and threaten important ecosystem services. Addressing these stressors requires understanding where and to what extent they are impacting marine biological and functional diversity. We model cumulative risk of human impact upon 21,159 marine animal species by combining information on species-level vulnerability and spatial exposure to a range of anthropogenic stressors.

Automated radiosynthesis and preclinical imaging of a novel [F]fluorolidocaine analogue sequential C-H radiolabelling.

The most prominent myocardial voltage-gated sodium channel, Na1.5, is a major drug target for treating cardiovascular disease. However, treatment determination and therapeutic development are complicated partly by an inadequate understanding of how the density of SCN5A, the gene that encodes Na1.

Geographic variability of Medicaid acceptance among allergists in the US.

Objective: To determine the geographic variability of Medicaid acceptance among allergists in the US.

Study Design: Geospatial analysis predicted Medicaid acceptance across space, and a multivariable regression identified area-level population demographic variables associated with acceptance.

Methods: We used the National Plan & Provider Enumeration System database to identify allergists.

One-Stop-Shop Cancer Screening Clinic: Acceptability Testing.

Cancer screenings aid in the early detection of cancer and can help reduce cancer-related mortality. The current model of care for cancer screening is often siloed, based on the targeted cancer site. We tested the acceptability of a new model of care, called the One-Stop-Shop Cancer Screening Clinic, that centralizes cancer screenings and offers patients the option to complete all their recommended cancer screenings within one to two visits.

mRNA-Based Vaccines Are Highly Immunogenic and Confer Protection in the Gnotobiotic Pig Model of Human Rotavirus Diarrhea.

Human rotavirus (HRV) is still a leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis globally, particularly in infants and children. Previously, we demonstrated the immunogenicity of mRNA-based HRV vaccine candidates expressing the viral spike protein VP8* in rodent models. In the present study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two mRNA-based HRV trivalent vaccine candidates, encoding VP8* of the genotypes P[8], P[6], or P[4], in the gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of Wa (G1P[8]) HRV infection and diarrhea.

Barriers and Benefits of Online Group Exercise Programs for Older Adults.

Engaging in regular physical activity offers a myriad of benefits, including the improvement of mental health, social well-being, and cognitive function. Unfortunately, obstacles, such as transportation constraints, time limitations, and inadequate exercise facilities, hinder the regular participation of older adults in physical activity. Online group physical activity programs present a promising solution to enhance the involvement of older adults; however, several barriers impede their effective utilization.

Assessing Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Graduates Across Varied Settings: A Study on the Feasibility of the Baby Moves App.

We assessed the feasibility of obtaining parent-collected General Movement Assessment videos using the Baby Moves app. Among 261 participants from 4 Chicago NICUs, 70% submitted videos. Families living in higher areas of childhood opportunity used the app more than those from areas of lower opportunity.

Ecology and Management of African Honey Bees ( L.).

In Africa, humans evolved as honey hunters of honey bee subspecies adapted to diverse geographical regions. Beekeeping today is practiced much as it was when Africans moved from honey hunting to beekeeping nearly 5,000 years ago, with beekeepers relying on seasonally available wild bees. Research suggests that populations are resilient, able to resist diseases and novel parasites.

Mixed-method approach to informing a lifestyle intervention to improve the survivorship of patients with endometrial cancer.

Objectives: To identify endometrial cancer survivors' (ECS) barriers and facilitators for participation in lifestyle interventions to improve their dietary and exercise behaviors. Our secondary objective is to determine baseline information: physical activity level, quality of life (QoL), and impact of COVID-19 on exercise, diet, and mental health.

Methods: Obese, early-stage ECS participated in 2-part mixed-methods data collection; Part 1: survey gathering sample characteristics, QoL, exercise, and basic endometrial cancer- related knowledge.

Myocardial mechanics and cardiac biomarkers in adults with severe anorexia nervosa.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with left ventricular (LV) atrophy and unexplained sudden death. Myocardial mechanics have not been well studied in adults with AN. Whether LV mass or illness duration, markers of AN severity, correlate with abnormal strain imaging is unknown.

Adaptations to a statewide walking program: Use of iterative feedback cycles between research and delivery systems improves fit for over 10 years.

FitEx is an 8-week, group-based physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption program co-created and implemented with the Cooperative Extension System. Effectiveness and delivery personnel perceptions of the program are promising; however, ongoing adaptations are required to continuously meet shifting needs of both researchers and delivery systems. We applied the APDER iterative cycles of implementation over 15 years to understand dynamic and ongoing adaptations as well as implications for FitEx sustainability.

Improving Usability of the Pediatric Code Cart by Combining Lean and Human Factors Principles.

Unlabelled: Cardiac arrests are common in hospitalized children. Well-organized code carts are needed during these events to help staff efficiently find supplies and medications for the patient. This study aimed to improve the efficiency and utilization of the code cart at a major academic pediatric medical center.

A "sludge audit" for health system colorectal cancer screening services.

Objectives: "Sludge," or the frictions or administrative burdens that make it difficult for people to attain what they want or need, is an unexplored health care delivery factor that may contribute to deficiencies in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We piloted a method to identify and quantify sludge in a southeastern US health system's delivery of CRC screening services.

Study Design: Mixed methods sludge audit.

CPR quality and outcomes after extracorporeal life support for pediatric In-Hospital cardiac arrest.

Aim Of Study: To determine outcomes in pediatric patients who had an in-hospital cardiac arrest and subsequently received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). Our secondary objective was to identify cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) event characteristics and CPR quality metrics associated with survival after ECPR.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients in the pediRES-Q database who received ECPR after in-hospital cardiac arrest between July 1, 2015 and June 2, 2021.

Architected material with independently tunable mass, damping, and stiffness via multi-stability and kinematic amplification.

We report on a class of architected material lattices that exploit multi-stability and kinematic amplification to independently adjust the local effective mass, damping, and stiffness properties, thereby realizing congruent alterations to the acoustic dispersion response post-fabrication. The fundamental structural tuning element permits a broad range in the effective property space; moreover, its particular design carries the benefit of tuning without altering the original size/shape of the emerging structure. The relation between the tuning element geometry and the achieved variability in effective properties is explored.

Positive-strand RNA viruses-a Keystone Symposia report.

Positive-strand RNA viruses have been the cause of several recent outbreaks and epidemics, including the Zika virus epidemic in 2015, the SARS outbreak in 2003, and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. On June 18-22, 2022, researchers focusing on positive-strand RNA viruses met for the Keystone Symposium "Positive-Strand RNA Viruses" to share the latest research in molecular and cell biology, virology, immunology, vaccinology, and antiviral drug development. This report presents concise summaries of the scientific discussions at the symposium.

A New Gnotobiotic Pig Model of P[6] Human Rotavirus Infection and Disease for Preclinical Evaluation of Rotavirus Vaccines.

Human rotavirus (HRV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. Licensed vaccines containing G1P[8] and G1-4P[8] strains are less efficacious against newly emerging P[6] strains, indicating an urgent need for better cross protective vaccines. Here, we report our development of a new gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of P[6] HRV infection and disease as a tool for evaluating potential vaccine candidates.