Achieving the state of Georgia 25% HIV incidence reduction target among men who have sex with men in Atlanta through expanded use of multimodal pre-exposure prophylaxis: A mathematical model.

The US faces substantial demographic and geographic disparities in both HIV burden and access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an effective strategy to prevent HIV acquisition. Long-acting cabotegravir (CAB) is a novel, injectable PrEP option which demonstrated superior reduction in risk of HIV acquisition compared to daily-oral PrEP in the HPTN083 trial. We modelled the impact of increased PrEP initiations and the introduction of long-acting CAB on HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Atlanta, Georgia, a population with a high burden of HIV.

Cost-effectiveness of Cabotegravir Long-Acting for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States.

Objective: Cabotegravir long-acting (CAB-LA) administered every 2 months was approved in the USA as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for individuals at risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection based on the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 and HPTN 084 clinical trials, which demonstrated superior reduction in HIV-1 acquisition compared with daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) in men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women (TGW), and cisgender women. A decision-analytic model was developed to assess the lifetime cost-effectiveness of initiating CAB-LA versus generic oral FTC/TDF for HIV PrEP in the USA from a healthcare sector perspective.

Methods: PrEP-eligible adults entered the Markov model receiving CAB-LA or FTC/TDF and could continue initial PrEP, transition to a second PrEP option, or discontinue PrEP over time.

Why and how can we improve patient and caregiver information for the proper use of their medical devices throughout the care pathway?

Information is generally a major pillar in the relationship of trust between the patient and their healthcare team. In the case of medical devices, which are operator-dependent and for which the proper "handling" of the device will directly affect its performance, information on the proper use becomes a major therapeutic issue. To do this, patients must have access to quality information about health products.

Response of soil and vegetation in a warm-temperate Pine forest to intensive biomass harvests, phosphorus fertilisation, and wood ash application.

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different intensities of biomass harvesting, and the possible effects of compensation methods, on forest functioning. To do so, we carried out a split-plot experiment (SW France) crossing four different intensities of biomass harvesting (Stem-Only Harvest [SOH], Aboveground Additional Harvest [AAH], Belowground Additional Harvest [BAH], and Whole-Tree Harvest [WTH]) and three compensation methods (control [C], wood ash application [A] and phosphorus fertilisation [P]). The experimental treatments were followed by the plantation of pines (Pinus pinaster).

Hospitalization costs and risk of mortality in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Analysis of a French national hospital database.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached high prevalence, paralleling the obesity pandemic. The aggressive form of the disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is characterized by fatty infiltration and inflammation of the liver, can progress to compensated cirrhosis (CC) and end-stage liver disease (ESLD: decompensated cirrhosis [DCC] and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]), and may ultimately require liver transplantation (LT). Real-world data on the burden of NAFLD/NASH are limited.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression rates to cirrhosis and progression of cirrhosis to decompensation and mortality: a real world analysis of Medicare data.

Background: Risk factors and timing associated with disease progression and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are poorly understood.

Aims: To evaluate the impact of disease severity, demographics and comorbidities on risk of mortality and time to progression in a large, real-world cohort of diagnosed NAFLD patients.

Methods: Claims data from a 20% Medicare representative sample between 2007 and 2015 were analysed retrospectively.

Disease Severity Is Associated With Higher Healthcare Utilization in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Medicare Patients.

Objectives: As the prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the elderly population increases, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs are also predicted to rise substantially.

Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study used the Medicare 20% sample data set to evaluate the impact of NASH severity on HCRU and costs over 8 years (2007-2015). The sample included 255,681 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/NASH: 185,407 (72.

Advancing Age and Comorbidity in a US Insured Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) comorbidity data are limited. Using insurance claims databases, our aims were to determine the prevalence and incidence of nonliver comorbidities in CHB patients over time and the predictors of select comorbidities in CHB patients. Patients were adults with continuous coverage (commercial/Medicare or Medicaid) 6 months prior to and after the first CHB diagnosis and matched non-CHB patients.

Efficiency of a phone coaching program on adherence to continuous positive airway pressure in sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: a randomized trial.

Background: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) remains the reference treatment for moderate to severe forms of the Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS). Compliance to the treatment appears to be a key factor to improving health status of these patients.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel group trial of standard support completed or not within 3 months of coaching sessions for newly diagnosed SAHS patients starting CPAP therapy.

[Telemedicine and lung transplanted patients: A feasibility study].

Background: Lung transplant patients are characterized by a high use of healthcare resources and an elevated rate of hospitalization. In lung transplant recipients, spirometry home monitoring has been advocated for the early detection of acute infection and rejection of the allograft. We will test a new system that allows regular monitoring of the patient's pulmonary status at home after discharge from hospital.

First assessment at home of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients by a nutrition network in the French region of Limousin.

Malnutrition is associated with poor survival among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to evaluate nutritional assessment by a network during first consultations in patients' homes. Patients identified by the regional ALS centre gave their informed consent.

Nutritional assessment and follow-up of residents with and without dementia in nursing homes in the Limousin region of France: a health network initiative.

Introduction: Limousin in France has the second oldest regional population in Europe, with people over 65-years-old who have Alzheimer's disease accounting for more than 9%. In France as a whole, a large number of residents in nursing homes (NH) have dementia, leading to many nutritional problems. LINUT is a health network that assesses the nutritional status of elderly NH residents and provides support where necessary.

[Home telemonitoring of CPAP: a feasibility study].

Background: The most commonly used treatment for the sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) is the application of constant positive airway pressure (CPAP) during sleep. Compliance is an essential element in the efficiency of CPAP. This is dependent on the quality of the management of care and on the education of the patients.

[Education of patients with sleep apnea syndrome: Feasibility of a phone coaching procedure. Phone-coaching and SAS].

Introduction: The most commonly used treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during sleep. However compliance with this treatment is frequently below 70%.

Methods: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an educational intervention (EI) delivered in phone calls made to OSA patients (n=66) treated with CPAP by a home care provider (SADIR).

Analysis of the food consumption of 87 elderly nursing home residents, depending on food texture.

Objectives: Texture-modified food (chopped, mashed, or mixed) is often used for patients, and particularly for dependent elderly people facing swallowing disorders or dental problems. Food must be energy and protein enriched, because dilution is needed for preparation, and several meals like bread can be removed. The aim of the study was to assess the food consumption of residents in four French nursing homes depending on diet texture.

V2O5 nanofibre sheet actuators.

Vanadium oxides, such as V2O5, are promising for lithium-ion batteries, catalysis, electrochromic devices and sensors. Vanadium oxides were proposed more than a decade ago for another redox-dependent application: the direct conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy in actuators (artificial muscles). Although related conducting polymer and carbon nanotube actuators have been demonstrated, electromechanical actuators based on vanadium oxides have not be realized.

Lipoproteins in heart transplantation: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of plasma.

Despite the major improvement in immunosuppressive therapy, noninvasive detection of heart graft rejection remains a challenge. As lipoproteins are involved in several immunomodulation mechanisms, we studied their proton NMR spectra in plasma from patients after heart transplantation. NMR data were compared to clinical and functional evaluation of rejection process.

The influence of experimenter attitude on the performance of children of different cognitive ability levels.

We investigated the influence of the experimenter's attitude on children's performance in a classification task. We chose 96 children (M age: 5 years, 9 months) on the basis of their performance in a spontaneous classification task. Forty-eight children made partial alignments on the basis of a link established from one object to the next (O-level group); 48 looked for objects having one common property (P-level group).

[Noninvasive evaluation of partial beta adrenergic agonist properties of xamoterol in cardiac insufficiency].

The effects of an intravenous injection of 0.15 mg/Kg of xamoterol were studied non-invasively under basal conditions and during beta-1-adrenergic stimulation with dobutamine in 16 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe cardiac failure. Xamoterol did not cause any detectable agonist effect but was well tolerated under basal conditions.

Altered sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase gene expression in the human ventricle during end-stage heart failure.

A decrease in the myocardial level of the mRNA encoding the Ca2(+)-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) has been recently reported during experimental cardiac hypertrophy and failure. To determine if such a deficit occurs in human end-stage heart failure, we compared the SR Ca2(+)-ATPase mRNA levels in left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) specimens from 13 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation (6 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies; 4 coronary artery diseases with myocardial infarctions; 3 diverse etiologies) with control heart samples using a rat cardiac SR Ca2(+)-ATPase cDNA probe. We observed a marked decrease in the mRNA for the Ca2(+)-ATPase relative to both the 18S ribosomal RNA and the myosin heavy chain mRNA in LV specimens of patients with heart failure compared to controls (-48%, P less than 0.