Risk of Corneal Graft Rejection and Vaccination: A Matched Case-Control Study From a United States Integrated Health Care System.

Purpose: Data on vaccine-associated corneal transplant rejections are limited. We examined the association between graft rejection and vaccination.

Design: Matched case-control METHODS: We used electronic health records to identify corneal transplant recipients between January 2008 and August 2022 at Kaiser Permanente Southern California.

Viral infections and pathogenesis of glaucoma: a comprehensive review.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, caused by the gradual degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While glaucoma is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease, some inflammatory conditions, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, cause secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Viruses are predominant ocular pathogens and can impose both acute and chronic pathological insults to the human eye.

Effects of Regular/Dilute Proparacaine Anesthetic Eye Drops in Combination with Ophthalmic Antibiotics on Corneal Wound Healing.

Topical, local anesthetic eye drops in conjunction with antibiotics are commonly used to reduce ocular pain and treat patients in emergency clinics; however, their effects on corneal healing are poorly understood. This study examined whether regular or diluted proparacaine eye drops given in combination with common ophthalmic antibiotics affect corneal wound healing parameters using and models. Primary human corneal fibroblasts generated from donor corneas and New Zealand white rabbits were used.

Anterior Uveitis following COVID Vaccination: A Summary of Cases from Global Reporting Systems.

Purpose: COVID-19 vaccines are currently undergoing long-term safety monitoring, including for ocular side effects. Uveitis following vaccination has been described previously with other vaccines and warrants evaluation for COVID-19 vaccines, especially given their widespread use.

Case Reports: We present two cases of patients who developed anterior uveitis following the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, as reported to the National Registry for Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects.

Possible Association Between Apremilast Therapy and Increased Tearing.

Purpose: To evaluate a possible association between apremilast and increased tearing.

Methods: A retrospective observational case series in which reports from VigiBase, the World Health Organization global database of Individual Case Safety Reports, and the literature involving apremilast were evaluated by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects for possible increased tearing.

Results: A total of 45 cases of possible apremilast-induced increased tearing were identified.

Corrigendum to "The Role of Medications in Causing Dry Eye".

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Oral Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Drugs and Ocular Adverse Events.

Purpose: To evaluate possible associations between oral anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs and ocular side effects.

Methods: Spontaneous reports were collected and evaluated by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects on the three oral anti-VEGF drugs (pazopanib, sorafenib, and sunitinib) for possible ocular side effects.

Results: Reported side effects include blurred or decreased vision (389 cases); periocular or eyelid edema (273 cases); superficial anterior segment toxicity (270 cases); conjunctival, retinal, or vitreous bleeding (77 cases); retinal detachments (RDs) or retinal tears (RTs) (75 cases); extraocular muscle disorders, including ptosis (51 cases); discoloration of eyelashes (36 cases); retinal arterial or venous occlusions (26 cases); optic nerve disorders, including papilledema and ischemic optic neuropathy (21 cases); uveitis (10 cases); and macular edema (7 cases).

Atypical Optic Neuritis After Inactivated Influenza Vaccination.

The existence of vaccine-associated optic neuritis is essentially based on the temporal relationship between the administration of a vaccine and the development of optic neuritis in patients with no other known aetiologies for infectious or non-infectious inflammation that could account for the optic neuritis. Influenza vaccine (inactivated or live attenuated) is considered to be one of vaccines that could be related to optic neuritis. The authors describe a rare case of bilateral asymmetric optic neuritis with leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a previously healthy young woman who received inactivated influenza vaccination 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms.

Keratitis in association with herpes zoster and varicella vaccines.

The objective of this review was to collect reports of keratitis in association with herpes zoster virus (HZV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccines. HZV vaccination is intended for at-risk adult populations and VZV vaccination is intended for all pediatric patients. We reviewed the literature and reports of keratitis in association with herpes zoster or varicella vaccine from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects and the World Health Organization.

Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy Treatment of Herpes Simplex Epithelial Keratitis.

A retrospective case series was performed in a university setting for all patients with herpes simplex epithelial keratitis who underwent liquid nitrogen cryotherapy from 2012-2015. Outcome measure was clinical evidence of resolution of epithelial keratitis in the cornea with re-epithelialization. All cases of epithelial keratitis showed partial and complete resolution at day 1 and week 1 respectively.

Vaccine-Associated Uveitis.

All of the widely administered vaccines have been reported to cause uveitis. The ocular inflammation is usually temporary and resolves with topical ocular steroids. During a 26-year period, a total of 289 cases of vaccine-associated uveitis were reported to three adverse reaction reporting databases.

Association Between Bortezomib Therapy and Eyelid Chalazia.

Importance: Spontaneous reports to the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects and case reports in the literature suggest an association between bortezomib use and chalazia.

Observations: To our knowledge, there have been 24 reports of bortezomib-associated chalazia. Fourteen reports were collected from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects.

Human papilloma virus vaccine associated uveitis.

Purpose: To report a possible association between human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and uveitis.

Methods: Spontaneous reports from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side effects, World Health Organization and Food and Drug Administration were collected on uveitis associated with human papilloma virus vaccination. A MEDLINE search was performed using keywords "uveitis," "iritis," "iridocyclitis," "human papilloma virus," "Cervarix", and "Gardasil.

Conjunctival and corneal ulceration associated with nicorandil.

Context/objective: To report an association between conjunctival and corneal ulceration and nicorandil therapy for angina.

Methods: Review of the literature and spontaneous reports collected at the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects (Portland, Oregon), the FDA Spontaneous Reporting System (Bethesda, Maryland) and the World Health Organization's Uppsala Monitoring Center (Uppsala, Sweden).

Results: Thirteen case reports of adverse ocular reactions were collected.

Toxicity of topical ophthalmic anesthetics.

Introduction: Topical ocular anesthetics are generally well tolerated in clinical settings but have great potential for abuse if used by patients at home. This abuse can lead to significant ocular complications. Topical ocular anesthetic abuse can lead to superficial punctate keratitis, persistent epithelial defects, stromal/ring infiltrates, corneal edema, endothelial damage and ocular inflammation, even when used in a dilute concentration.

The role of medications in causing dry eye.

The purpose of this paper is to review the possible role of polypharmacy in causing dry eye disease (DED), reflecting the complex interactions and complications associated with the use of multiple systemic and topical ocular medications. The pharmacological, physiological, anatomical, and histological mechanisms causing dry mouth differ little from those causing dry eye. Oral polypharmacy is the most common cause of dry mouth, but has not been investigated as a cause of dry eye.

Initiation of anti-TNF therapy and the risk of optic neuritis: from the safety assessment of biologic ThERapy (SABER) Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of optic neuritis (ON) in patients using anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha therapy.

Design: Retrospective, population-based cohort study.

Methods: We identified new users of anti-TNF therapy (etanercept, infliximab, or adalimumab) or nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) during 2000-2007 from the following data sources: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly, Tennessee Medicaid, and National Medicaid/Medicare.