EthoCRED: a framework to guide reporting and evaluation of the relevance and reliability of behavioural ecotoxicity studies.

Behavioural analysis has been attracting significant attention as a broad indicator of sub-lethal toxicity and has secured a place as an important subdiscipline in ecotoxicology. Among the most notable characteristics of behavioural research, compared to other established approaches in sub-lethal ecotoxicology (e.g.

The Role of Behavioral Ecotoxicology in Environmental Protection.

For decades, we have known that chemicals affect human and wildlife behavior. Moreover, due to recent technological and computational advances, scientists are now increasingly aware that a wide variety of contaminants and other environmental stressors adversely affect organismal behavior and subsequent ecological outcomes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. There is also a groundswell of concern that regulatory ecotoxicology does not adequately consider behavior, primarily due to a lack of standardized toxicity methods.

[GRADE guidelines: 18. How ROBINS-I and other tools to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies should be used to rate the certainty of a body of evidence].

Objective: To provide guidance on how systematic review authors, guideline developers, and health technology assessment practitioners should approach the use of the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool as a part of GRADE's certainty rating process.

Study Design And Setting: The study design and setting comprised iterative discussions, testing in systematic reviews, and presentation at GRADE working group meetings with feedback from the GRADE working group.

Results: We describe where to start the initial assessment of a body of evidence with the use of ROBINS-I and where one would anticipate the final rating would end up.

Modest and nonessential roles of the endocannabinoid system in immature hematopoiesis of mice.

Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators that signal via several seven-transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors. The endocannabinoid receptor CB2 is expressed on blood cells, including stem cells, and mediates the effects of cannabinoids on the immune system. The role of the endocannabinoid system in immature hematopoiesis is largely elusive.

[GRADE: Using evidence to decision frameworks for adoption, adaptation and de novo generation of trustworthy guideline recommendations - GRADE-ADOLOPMENT].

Background: Guideline developers can: (1) adopt existing recommendations from others; (2) adapt existing recommendations to their own context; or (3) create recommendations de novo. Monetary and nonmonetary resources, credibility, maximization of uptake, as well as logical arguments should guide the choice of the approach and processes.

Objectives: To describe a potentially efficient model for guideline production based on adoption, adaptation, and/or de novo development of recommendations utilizing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks.

Multigenerational effects of bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol exposure on F2 California mice (Peromyscus californicus) pup vocalizations.

Rodent pups use vocalizations to communicate with one or both parents in biparental species, such as California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Previous studies have shown California mice developmentally exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA) or ethinyl estradiol (EE), demonstrate later compromised parental behaviors. Reductions in F1 parental behaviors might also be due to decreased emissions of F2 pup vocalizations.

[Lu]pentixather: Comprehensive Preclinical Characterization of a First CXCR4-directed Endoradiotherapeutic Agent.

Based on the clinical relevance of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a molecular target in cancer and on the success of [Ga]pentixafor as an imaging probe for high-contrast visualization of CXCR4-expression, the spectrum of clinical CXCR4-targeting was expanded towards peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) by the development of [Lu]pentixather. CXCR4 affinity, binding specificity, hCXCR4 selectivity and internalization efficiency of [Lu]pentixather were evaluated using different human and murine cancer cell lines. Biodistribution studies (1, 6, 48, 96h and 7d p.

Endocrine disruption by environmental gestagens in amphibians - A short review supported by new in vitro data using gonads of Xenopus laevis.

Endocrine disruption caused by various anthropogenic compounds is of persisting concern, especially for aquatic wildlife, because surface waters are the main sink of these so-called endocrine disruptors (ED). In the past, research focused on (anti)estrogenic, (anti)androgenic, and (anti)thyroidal substances, affecting primarily reproduction and development in vertebrates; however, other endocrine systems might be also targeted by ED. Environmental gestagens, including natural progestogens (e.

Characterization of vocalizations emitted in isolation by California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) pups throughout the postnatal period.

Rodent species, such as monogamous and biparental California mice, produce vocalizations as a means of communication. A temporal examination of vocalizations produced by California mice pups in isolation was performed. Pup recordings were performed for 3 min at ∼10.

Diclofenac can exhibit estrogenic modes of action in male Xenopus laevis, and affects the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and mating vocalizations.

Diclofenac (DCF) is a non-steroidal analgesic and antiphlogistic. Due to its tremendous use, DCF can be found in the environment, especially in sewage, but also surface waters, ground and drinking water. Previous studies indicated that DCF can modulate the reproductive physiology of fish by altering the expression of important key enzymes of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-axis (HPG-axis) and might act as an estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC).

In Vivo PET Imaging of the Cancer Integrin αvβ6 Using Ga-Labeled Cyclic RGD Nonapeptides.

Expression of the cellular transmembrane receptor αvβ6 integrin is essentially restricted to malignant epithelial cells in carcinomas of a broad variety of lineages, whereas it is virtually absent in normal adult tissues. Thus, it is a highly attractive target for tumor imaging and therapy. Furthermore, αvβ6 integrin plays an important role for the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and the development of fibrosis.

p,p'-Dichlordiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) can elicit antiandrogenic and estrogenic modes of action in the amphibian Xenopus laevis.

p,p'-Dichlordiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is a metabolite of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), an organochloride which was massively used from its discovery in 1939 until the early 1970's. Due to the tremendous half-life of DDT and DDE, both substances are to date environmentally relevant. Furthermore, DDT is still employed in many African countries in the context of the WHO's antimalaria campaign.

Impaired gonadal and somatic development corroborate vulnerability differences to the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol among deeply diverged anuran lineages.

Amphibians are undergoing a global decline. One poorly investigated reason could be the pollution of aquatic habitats by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). We tested the susceptibility to the synthetically stabilized estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in three deeply diverged anuran species, differing in sex determination systems, types of gonadogenesis and larval ecologies.

First F-Labeled Pentixafor-Based Imaging Agent for PET Imaging of CXCR4 Expression In Vivo.

In vivo quantification of CXCR4 expression using [Ga]pentixafor for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has gained significant clinical interest as CXCR4 plays a fundamental role in oncology and possesses potential prognostic value when overexpressed. To combine the excellent CXCR4-targeting properties of pentixafor-based tracers with the favorable radionuclide properties of F for high-resolution PET imaging, we developed an AlF-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-triacetic acid (NOTA) analog of pentixather. AlF-labeling of NOTA-pentixather was performed in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at pH = 4 (105°C, 15 minutes).

Variation of Specific Activities of 68Ga-Aquibeprin and 68Ga-Avebetrin Enables Selective PET Imaging of Different Expression Levels of Integrins α5β1 and αvβ3.

Unlabelled: Ga-aquibeprin and Ga-avebetrin are tracers for selective in vivo mapping of integrins αβ and αβ, respectively, by PET. Because both tracers exhibit high affinity to their respective targets, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the specific activity of preparations of both tracers on in vivo imaging results.

Methods: Fully automated Ga labeling of 0.

Sex reversal assessments reveal different vulnerability to endocrine disruption between deeply diverged anuran lineages.

Multiple anthropogenic stressors cause worldwide amphibian declines. Among several poorly investigated causes is global pollution of aquatic ecosystems with endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). These substances interfere with the endocrine system and can affect the sexual development of vertebrates including amphibians.

Complementary, Selective PET Imaging of Integrin Subtypes α5β1 and αvβ3 Using 68Ga-Aquibeprin and 68Ga-Avebetrin.

Unlabelled: Despite in vivo mapping of integrin αvβ3 expression being thoroughly investigated in recent years, its clinical value is still not well defined. For imaging of angiogenesis, the integrin subtype α5β1 appears to be a promising target, for which purpose we designed the PET radiopharmaceutical (68)Ga-aquibeprin.

Methods: (68)Ga-aquibeprin was obtained by click-chemistry (CuAAC) trimerization of a α5β1 integrin-binding pseudopeptide on the triazacyclononane-triphosphinate (TRAP) chelator, followed by automated (68)Ga labeling.

Twins in spirit - episode I: comparative preclinical evaluation of [(68)Ga]DOTATATE and [(68)Ga]HA-DOTATATE.

Background: Recently, an intra-patient comparison demonstrated that the somatostatin (sst) ligand [(68)Ga]HA-DOTATATE ([(68)Ga]DOTA-3-iodo-Tyr(3)-octreotate) provides PET images comparable to or superior to those obtained with [(68)Ga]DOTATATE. To provide a comprehensive basis for nevertheless observed slight differences in tracer biodistribution and dosimetry, the characteristics of [(68)Ga]HA-DOTATATE were investigated in a detailed preclinical study.

Methods: Affinities of (nat)Ga-HA-DOTATATE and (nat)Ga-DOTATATE to sst1-5 were determined using membrane preparations and [(125)I]SST-28 as radioligand.

Disclosing the CXCR4 expression in lymphoproliferative diseases by targeted molecular imaging.

Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions play a pivotal role in cell attraction and cellular trafficking, both in normal tissue homeostasis and in disease. In cancer, chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) expression is an adverse prognostic factor. Early clinical studies suggest that targeting CXCR4 with suitable high-affinity antagonists might be a novel means for therapy.

17α-Ethinylestradiol can disrupt hemoglobin catabolism in amphibians.

Different chemical substances, which enter the environment due to anthropogenic influences, can affect the endocrine system and influence development and physiology of aquatic animals. One of these endocrine disrupting chemicals is the synthetic estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), which is a main component of various oral contraceptives and demonstrably affects many different aquatic vertebrates at extremely low concentrations by feminization phenomena. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a four week exposure to three different concentrations of EE2 (0.

CXCR4 prevents dispersion of granule neuron precursors in the adult dentate gyrus.

Neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) generates new granule neurons that differentiate in the inner one-third of the granule cell layer (GCL). The migrating precursors of these neurons arise from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ). Although it is established that pathological conditions, including epilepsy and stroke, cause dispersion of granule neuron precursors, little is known about the factors that regulate their normal placement.

The antiestrogens tamoxifen and fulvestrant abolish estrogenic impacts of 17α-ethinylestradiol on male calling behavior of Xenopus laevis.

Various synthetic chemicals released to the environment can interfere with the endocrine system of vertebrates. Many of these endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) exhibit estrogenic activity and can interfere with sexual development and reproductive physiology. More recently, also chemicals with different modes of action (MOAs), such as antiestrogenic, androgenic and antiandrogenic EDCs, have been shown to be present in the environment.

Completing the third person's perspective on patients' involvement in medical decision-making: approaching the full picture.

Objective: Shared decision making is based on the idea of cooperation and partnership between patients and doctors. In this concept both parties may initiate and perform specific decision-making steps. However, the common observation-based instruments focus solely on doctors' behaviour.

Rapid uptake and degradation of CXCL12 depend on CXCR7 carboxyl-terminal serine/threonine residues.

CXCL12 signaling through G protein-coupled CXCR4 regulates cell migration during ontogenesis and disease states including cancer and inflammation. The second CXCL12-receptor CXCR7 modulates the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway by acting as a CXCL12 scavenger and exerts G protein-independent functions. Given the distinct properties of CXCR4 and CXCR7, we hypothesized that the distinct C-terminal domains differently regulate receptor trafficking and stability.

MAPPIN'SDM--the multifocal approach to sharing in shared decision making.

Background: The wide scale permeation of health care by the shared decision making concept (SDM) reflects its relevance and advanced stage of development. An increasing number of studies evaluating the efficacy of SDM use instruments based on various sub-constructs administered from different viewpoints. However, as the concept has never been captured in operable core definition it is quite difficult to link these parts of evidence.