Novel FEMASK-score, a histopathologic assessment for destructive Charcot neuropathic arthropathy, reveals intraneural vasculopathy and correlates with progression and best treatment.

Background: Charcot neuropathic arthropathy is a debilitating, rapidly destructive degenerative joint disease that occurs in diabetic, neuropathic midfoot. Clinicoradiologic assessment for Charcot neuropathic arthropathy previously relied on Eichenholtz stage. There is limited histopathologic data on this entity.

A case of vasculopathy of unknown etiology associated with fatal hydrops fetalis and review of the literature on intimomedial mucoid degeneration.

Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) has a high mortality rate [1]. Many etiologies of NIHF have been identified, including cardiovascular abnormalities, severe anemia, and genetic defects. In patients with cardiovascular etiology, structural malformations lead to fluid accumulation resulting in increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure.

A case report of brown tumor in a patient with chronic renal failure and renal cell carcinoma.

We report a case of a 72 year old male with hyperparathyroidism secondary to end stage diabetic renal disease and coexisting bilateral chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. The patient presented with back and groin pain, right pelvic hemorrhage, and multiple lytic bone lesions concerning for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated benign appearing osteoclasts and spindled cells.

Intraventricular Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma: A Case Report.

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is a histologic diagnosis based on cell morphology. These tumors are found throughout the body. They are rarely found in the central nervous system and almost never occur as a primary intraventricular tumor.

Hybrid Neurofibroma-Schwannoma.

Neurofibromas and schwannomas are common lesions that may be idiopathic or may occur in association with neural crest genetic syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis. A hybrid tumor that contains pathological characteristics of both neurofibroma and schwannoma has been described as a rare entity. We present the clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings of such a case.

Risk factor analysis of recurrence in low-grade endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma is favorable; however, the risk of recurrence ranges from 7% to 13%. Recurrence has been related to age, tumor type, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade, depth of invasion, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI); however, morphologic features that would predict the site of recurrence have not been established. In this multi-institutional study, we reviewed 589 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grades 1 or 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma, endometrioid type.

Linguine sign in musculoskeletal imaging: calf silicone implant rupture.

Imaging findings of breast silicone implant rupture are well described in the literature. On MRI, the linguine sign indicates intracapsular rupture, while the presence of silicone particles outside the fibrous capsule indicates extracapsular rupture. The linguine sign is described as the thin, wavy hypodense wall of the implant within the hyperintense silicone on T2-weighted images indicative of rupture of the implant within the naturally formed fibrous capsule.

Risk factors for recurrence and prognosis of low-grade endometrial adenocarcinoma; vaginal versus other sites.

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. The prognosis is generally favorable, however, a significant number of patients do develop local or distant recurrence. The most common site of recurrence is vaginal.

The pattern of myometrial invasion as a predictor of lymph node metastasis or extrauterine disease in low-grade endometrial carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of lymph node (LN) metastases or extrauterine disease (ED) in low-grade (FIGO grade 1 or 2) endometrioid carcinoma (LGEC) in a multi-institutional setting. For LGEC with and without LN metastasis or ED, each of the 9 participating institutions evaluated patients' age, tumor size, myometrial invasion (MI), FIGO grade, % solid component, the presence or absence of papillary architecture, microcystic, elongated, and fragmented glands (MELF), single-cell/cell-cluster invasion (SCI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), lower uterine segment (LUS) and cervical stromal (CX) involvement, and numbers of pelvic and para-aortic LNs sampled. A total of 304 cases were reviewed: LN(+) or ED(+), 96; LN(-)/ED(-), 208.

Dilemmas in distinguishing between tumor and the posttraumatic lesion with surgical or pathologic correlation.

This article discusses the most common diagnostic dilemmas when trying to distinguish between tumor and sports injury or other trauma. Bone tumors frequently occur in the same young active patients who experience sports injuries. If the pain persists longer than expected, imaging studies should be obtained to prevent a delay in diagnosis or an inappropriate arthroscopy.

Knee popping and clicking in a pediatric athlete: meniscal injury or sports tumor?

This case report presents a teenage patient who initially was thought to have a sports-related injury but ultimately was diagnosed with a primary soft tissue tumor. A previously healthy 16-year-old softball player presented with a history of left knee joint line pain, clicking, and swelling. The patient was presumed to have a lateral meniscus tear.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the pancreas: a rare entity.

Extramedullary plasmacytomas are plasma cell neoplasms in organs other than the bone marrow. Most are found in the upper respiratory tract. Involvement of the pancreas is rare.

A 5-year-old girl with an enlarging mass at the elbow.

Pilomatrixoma is a rare benign neoplasm that presents as a solitary, hard, mobile, subcutaneous mass. Pilomatrixomas can be found on any hair-bearing region of the body, with the upper extremity being the second most common location. Pilomatrixomas are common in children, and have a higher frequency in girls.

Attenuation of arthritis in rodents by a novel orally-available inhibitor of sphingosine kinase.

Unlabelled: Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α activate sphingosine kinase (SK). Therefore, inhibition of SK is a potential molecular target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Aims: The primary goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of ABC249640 (a selective SK-2 inhibitor) in two models of rodent arthritis.

Matched unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for a patient with chemotherapy resistant Wilms tumor.

We report a patient with chemotherapy refractory Wilms tumor who underwent an unrelated donor cord blood transplant for chemotherapy refractory disease. The preparative regimen consisted of busulfan, melphalan, and anti-thymocyte globulin, and was well tolerated. This patient did not experience significant toxicity related to the chemotherapy regimen and did not develop any graft versus host disease from his HLA (A, B, DR) 6/6 matched cord blood transplant.

CD10-positive myxofibrosarcomas: a pitfall in the differential diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma.

CD10 is now commonly used to differentiate atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) from melanoma, spindle cell and dedifferentiated variants of squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma. However, we have encountered CD10-positive tumors that mimicked AFX but proved to be myxofibrosarcomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CD10 expression in a wide range of mesenchymal neoplasms that may involve the skin using tissue microarrays.

Pulmonary crystal-storing histiocytosis diagnosed by computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration.

Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare process most often occurring in conjunction with an underlying hematopoietic neoplasm, usually multiple myeloma or low-grade B-cell lymphoma. We report the first case of pulmonary CSH diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. A patient with a history of urothelial carcinoma developed a lung nodule, which was evaluated by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Thyroid lymphoma: a single institution's experience.

Background: Primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland is uncommon.

Methods: The tumor registry at the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center was searched for all patients carrying a diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma.

Papillary thyroid cancer with an initial presentation of abdominal and flank pain.

Purpose: Well-differentiated thyroid cancer typically presents as a thyroid mass. Common sites of metastases upon presentation include cervical lymph nodes, lung, and bone. Well-differentiated thyroid cancer with clinically apparent kidney metastases is rare, with fewer than 20 cases reported in the literature.

Class I alcohol dehydrogenase is highly expressed in normal human mammary epithelium but not in invasive breast cancer: implications for breast carcinogenesis.

Detoxification of ethanol can contribute to oxidative cellular and DNA damage and, thereby, to carcinogenesis. The potential relevance of this to breast carcinogenesis is suggested by evidence that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for breast cancer. It is, however, not known whether ethanol can be metabolized in breast parenchyma.

Expression of UGT2B7, a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase implicated in the metabolism of 4-hydroxyestrone and all-trans retinoic acid, in normal human breast parenchyma and in invasive and in situ breast cancers.

Glucuronidation, mediated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), affects the actions and disposition of diverse endo- and xenobiotics. In the case of catecholestrogens (CEs), glucuronidation is likely to block their oxidation to quinone estrogens that are the putative mediators of CEs' actions as initiators of cancers. The goal of this study was to determine whether UGT2B7, the isoenzyme with a high affinity for 4-hydroxyestrone, is expressed in human breast parenchyma.