Efficacy and perceived satisfaction of 3-year SLIT in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma: a pilot study.

Background: Despite the presence of robust evidence, there is very limited data on the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for selected patients. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and perceived satisfaction of a 3-year course of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in a paediatric population with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma.

Methods: A pilot, monocentre, retrospective cohort study was performed.

Safety of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy with allergoids in children: a real-life pharmacovigilance study.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy uses a sublingual (sublingual immunotherapy [SLIT]) or subcutaneous (subcutaneous immunotherapy [SCIT]) route. This pharmacovigilance study aimed to determine the number and type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for SLIT and SCIT using carbamylated monomeric allergoids (CMAs) in children. This pharmacovigilance study analyzed real-world post-marketing reports collected from a safety database of Lais sublingual tablets and injective Lais-in, containing CMAs for over 10 years.

Real-Life Effectiveness of Subcutaneous Immune Therapy with Carbamylated Monomeric Allergoids on Mite, Grass, and Pellitory Respiratory Allergy: A Retrospective Study.

Background: real-life studies are encouraged to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). In this context, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of carbamylated monomeric allergoid subcutaneous immunotherapy (MA-SCIT), along with patient satisfaction. Methods: a total of 291 patients with rhinoconjunctivitis with or without asthma with inhalant (house dust mite, grass, and pellitory) allergies were enrolled in this study.

Safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with carbamylated allergoids based on data from a pharmacovigilance database.

Allergen immunotherapy aims to induce tolerance, which persists after its discontinuation, to targeted allergens. However, concern exists regarding the use of subcutaneous immunotherapy with whole extracts due to frequently reported events of anaphylactic reactions. In this pharmacovigilance study, the authors assessed the safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with the monomeric allergoid Lais-in using a database of adverse reactions documented in real-world postmarketing reports from 2010 to 2020.

The safety of carbamylated monomeric allergoids for sublingual immunotherapy. Data from a pharmacovigilance study.

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is significantly less concerned by systemic reactions than subcutaneous immunotherapy. Allergoids were introduced to reduce systemic reaction to subcutaneous immunotherapy, but may also be used for SLIT. This pharmacovigilance study evaluated the post-marketing reports collected in a safety database, including the number and the type (serious or not serious) of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Italy by SLIT with the carbamylated monomeric allergoid (CMA).

The spectrum of therapeutic activity of mepolizumab.

: The basis of the development of the anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody mepolizumab was the acknowledgment of the crucial importance of this cytokine in promoting eosinophils production, activation, and survival, which is associated with the eosinophilic asthma phenotype, as well as with other disorders characterized by high levels of eosinophils. : All the available literature on the outcomes treatment with mepolizumab in eosinophilic disorders are reviewed, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, esophagitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. : The efficacy of mepolizumab in eosinophilic asthma is clearly demonstrated by a number of controlled trials and by meta-analyses.

Recovery of smell sense loss by mepolizumab in a patient allergic to Dermatophagoides and affected by chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) frequently presents with dysfunction or loss of the sense of smell, resulting in a significant impairment in quality of life. The medical treatments currently available may improve the olfactory function in patients with CRSwNP, but such an outcome is generally only transitory. We report the case of a patient with CRSwNP who completely recovered from smell sense loss by treatment with mepolizumab.

The Role of the Microbiome in Asthma: The Gut⁻Lung Axis.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases worldwide. It affects all ages but frequently begins in childhood. Initiation and exacerbations may depend on individual susceptibility, viral infections, allergen exposure, tobacco smoke exposure, and outdoor air pollution.

Soy-Based Infant Formula: Are Phyto-Oestrogens Still in Doubt?

Although Scientific Societies have stated that there are very few indications for the use of soy-based formula (SF) in infant nutrition, their utilization rates have been repeatedly found to be higher than expected. It is likely that a significant role in this regard is played by the belief that the use of SF during infancy can reduce the risk of the development of several diseases later in life. Although no definitive data that can substantiate these claims have been collected, many people perceive soy consumption to confer significant health benefits and might also use soy for infant nutrition.

Epicutaneous immunotherapy in rhino-conjunctivitis and food allergies: a review of the literature.

Background: Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) is a new way of allergen administration that has a high rate of adherence and safety. The aim of this manuscript is to review clinical trials on EPIT for respiratory and food allergies published in the last 10 years, taking into account how different variables (i.e.

In children allergic to ragweed pollen, nasal inflammation is not influenced by monosensitization or polysensitization.

Background: In patients polysensitized to pollen allergens, the priming effect, by which the sensitivity of the nasal mucosa to an allergen is increased by the previous exposure to another allergen, is a known phenomenon. This study was aimed at evaluating the degree of nasal inflammation, assessed by nasal cytology, in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) from ragweed pollen according to being monosensitized or polysensitized.

Methods: The study included 47 children.

Allergen immunotherapy and respiratory infections in children: an encouraging experience.

Background: Allergic inflammation may promote respiratory infections (RI). House dust mite (HDM) sensitization is common in childhood. Allergen immunotherapy may cure allergy as it restores a physiological immune and clinical tolerance toward the causal allergen and exerts anti-inflammatory activity.

Effect of high-dose sublingual immunotherapy on respiratory infections in children allergic to house dust mite.

Background: Allergic rhinitis is characterized by eosinophil inflammation. Allergic inflammation may induce susceptibility to respiratory infections (RI). House dust mite (HDM) sensitization is very frequent in childhood.

Management of polysensitized patient: from molecular diagnostics to biomolecular immunotherapy.

A panel of Italian allergists gathered to discuss the issue concerning the management of polysensitized patients. The main conclusions were as follows: polysensitization is a relevant clinical characteristic as it affects about 70-80% of the global allergic population; the diagnostic pathway needs the use of an adequate and thorough methodology, based on the demonstration of consistency between history and documented sensitization; polysensitization and polyallergy are not synonymous: true allergy should always be demonstrated; polysensitization does not constitute a limitation to allergen immunotherapy prescription, as 1-2 allergen extracts could be effective in polysensitized patients; the allergen immunotherapy product characteristics should include the following: high efficacy and optimal safety profile, standardized production, and documented presence and titration of the major allergen.

Focusing the mechanism of action to dissect the different treatments of respiratory allergy.

The treatment of respiratory allergy is based on several drugs with different mechanisms of action, which encompass an effect only on symptoms, limited factors of inflammation or the whole process of inflammation. Dissecting the different treatments by their mechanism of action is relevant for the management of allergic patients. Corticosteroids, administered as nasal sprays in rhinitis or by inhalation devices in asthma, and allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are the most effective treatments for respiratory allergy, achieving the control on inflammation by a number of cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Catching allergy by a simple questionnaire.

Background: Identifying allergic rhinitis requires allergy testing, but the first-line referral for rhinitis are usually primary care physicians (PCP), who are not familiar with such tests. The availability of easy and simple tests to be used by PCP to suggest allergy should be very useful.

Methods: The Respiratory Allergy Prediction (RAP) test, based on 9 questions and previously validated by a panel of experts, was evaluated in this study.

Severity of allergic rhinitis and asthma development in children.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a relevant risk factor for the development of asthma in children. We recruited a cohort of 104 children with AR and re-evaluated them after 5 years. We considered the ARIA classification.

Allergic rhinitis phenotypes based on mono-allergy or poly-allergy.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by typical symptoms that are dependent on inflammation. Poly-allergy is a frequent phenomenon. Phenotyping AR represents an up-to-date issue.

Advances of knowledge on allergic inflammation and the oral mucosa.

Allergic diseases are common worldwide and are prevalently caused by an inflammatory pathophysiology induced by the exposure to the specific allergen(s). The development of inflammation requires the involvement of regulatory cells that include antigen presenting cells and T lymphocytes, respectively orientating and orchestrating the immunological response, and the activity of cells such as mast cells and basophils, that release the typical mediators of allergic reactions, and eosinophils, which sustain the protracted inflammation. Differently from other sites of contact with allergen (s) such as respiratory or gastrointestinal tissues, the oral mucosa, based on the abundance of dendritic cells and their interaction with T cells, apparently works as a tolerogenic site concerning the response to allergen molecules.