Differential response of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to type 1 ex vivo cytokine priming: implications for MSC therapy.

Background Aims: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are polymorphic, adherent cells with the capability to stimulate tissue regeneration and modulate immunity. MSCs have been broadly investigated for potential therapeutic applications, particularly immunomodulatory properties, wound healing and tissue regeneration. The exact physiologic role of MSCs, however, remains poorly understood, and this gap in knowledge significantly impedes the rational development of therapeutic cells.