Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical studies.

Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract is a well-known and thoroughly studied patented extract from the bark of . In 39 randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled (RDP) human clinical trials including 2,009 subjects, Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract supplementation for two weeks to six months has been shown to beneficially affect cardiovascular health, chronic venous insufficiency, cognition, joint health, skin health, eye health, women's health, respiratory health and allergies, oral health and sports performance. The mechanisms of action that can explain the respective effects on different conditions in the human body are discussed as well.

Review of Clinical Effects and Presumed Mechanism of Action of the French Oak Wood Extract Robuvit.

Since ancient times, oak wood polyphenols are consumed concomitantly with beverages that are stored and aged in oak wood barrels. Among these polyphenols are roburins, which belong to the class of ellagitannins and only occur in oak. To date, water-extracted standardized French wood extract, commercially known as Robuvit, has been investigated in 1172 subjects in over 20 published clinical trials.

Projected supportive effects of Pycnogenol in patients suffering from multi-dimensional health impairments after a SARS-CoV2 infection.

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is triggered by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and has rapidly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Unlike other SARS viruses, SARS-CoV2 does not solely impact the respiratory system, but additionally leads to inflammation of endothelial cells, microvascular injuries and coagulopathies, thereby affecting multiple organs. Recent reports of patients who were infected with SARS-CoV2 suggest persistent health problems even months after the initial infection.

Comprehensive analysis of translation from overexpressed circular RNAs reveals pervasive translation from linear transcripts.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) encompass a widespread and conserved class of RNAs, which are generated by back-splicing of downstream 5' to upstream 3' splice sites. CircRNAs are tissue-specific and have been implicated in diseases including cancer. They can function as sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs) or RNA binding proteins (RBPs), for example.

Validation strategies for antibodies targeting modified ribonucleotides.

Chemical modifications are found on almost all RNAs and affect their coding and noncoding functions. The identification of mA on mRNA and its important role in gene regulation stimulated the field to investigate whether additional modifications are present on mRNAs. Indeed, modifications including mA, mC, mG, 2'-OMe, and Ψ were detected.

Determination of enrichment factors for modified RNA in MeRIP experiments.

In the growing field of RNA modification, precipitation techniques using antibodies play an important role. However, little is known about their specificities and protocols are missing to assess their effectiveness. Here we present a method to assess enrichment factors after MeRIP-type pulldown experiments, here exemplified with a commercial antibody against N6-methyladenosine (mA).

Interactions, localization, and phosphorylation of the mA generating METTL3-METTL14-WTAP complex.

-methyladenine (mA) is found on many eukaryotic RNAs including mRNAs. mA modification has been implicated in mRNA stability and turnover, localization, or translation efficiency. A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of METTL3 and METTL14 generates mA on mRNAs.

The ribosome biogenesis factor yUtp23/hUTP23 coordinates key interactions in the yeast and human pre-40S particle and hUTP23 contains an essential PIN domain.

Two proteins with PIN endonuclease domains, yUtp24(Fcf1)/hUTP24 and yUtp23/hUTP23 are essential for early pre-ribosomal (r)RNA cleavages at sites A0, A1/1 and A2/2a in yeast and humans. The yUtp24/hUTP24 PIN endonuclease is proposed to cleave at sites A1/1 and A2/2a, but the enzyme cleaving at site A0 is not known. Yeast yUtp23 contains a degenerate, non-essential PIN domain and functions together with the snR30 snoRNA, while human hUTP23 is associated with U17, the human snR30 counterpart.

The PIN domain endonuclease Utp24 cleaves pre-ribosomal RNA at two coupled sites in yeast and humans.

During ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation, cleavages at defined sites separate the mature rRNAs from spacer regions, but the identities of several enzymes required for 18S rRNA release remain unknown. PilT N-terminus (PIN) domain proteins are frequently endonucleases and the PIN domain protein Utp24 is essential for early cleavages at three pre-rRNA sites in yeast (A0, A1 and A2) and humans (A0, 1 and 2a). In yeast, A1 is cleaved prior to A2 and both cleavages require base-pairing by the U3 snoRNA to the central pseudoknot elements of the 18S rRNA.