Leptin gene (TTTC)(n) microsatellite polymorphism as well as leptin receptor R223Q and PPARgamma2 P12A substitutions are not associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Problem: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) affects up to 15% of all pregnancies. Disturbed placentation is one factor associated with PIH. Leptin and peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPAR) seem to play an important role in placentation, fetal development, and blood pressure regulation.

Paternal thrombophilic gene mutations are not associated with recurrent miscarriage.

Problem: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects 1-3% of couples. So far, diagnostic procedures are performed only in female patients. However, the main part of the placentary perfusion is encoded by both the maternal and the paternal genome.