Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems: Applicability of the "Taller than Wide" Criterium in Primary/Secondary Care Units and the Role of Thyroid Scintigraphy.

Background: To examine the applicability of the "taller than wide" (ttw) criterium for risk assessment of thyroid nodules (TNs) in primary/secondary care units and the role of thyroid scintigraphy therein.

Methods: German bicenter study performed in a setting of primary/secondary care. Patient recruitment and analysis in center A was conducted in a prospective manner.

Longitudinal assessment of tissue properties and cardiac diffusion metrics of the ex vivo porcine heart at 7 T: Impact of continuous tissue fixation using formalin.

In this study we aimed to assess the effects of continuous formalin fixation on diffusion and relaxation metrics of the ex vivo porcine heart at 7 T. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on eight piglet hearts using a 7 T whole body system. Hearts were measured fresh within 3 hours of cardiac arrest followed by immersion in 10% neutral buffered formalin.

Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Coexisting Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

Histological findings often display an association between papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and so differ significantly from follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC). The aim of this interdisciplinary, retrospective study was to evaluate the association of AIT in patients with PTC and FTC and a control group of benign nodular goiters. One hundred thyroidectomies with histologically confirmed differentiated thyroid carcinomas, 67 with PTC and 33 with FTC, were submitted for examination.

From polariton condensates to highly photonic quantum degenerate states of bosonic matter.

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is a thermodynamic phase transition of an interacting Bose gas. Its key signatures are remarkable quantum effects like superfluidity and a phonon-like Bogoliubov excitation spectrum, which have been verified for atomic BECs. In the solid state, BEC of exciton-polaritons has been reported.

Measuring the dynamics of second-order photon correlation functions inside a pulse with picosecond time resolution.

We present a detailed discussion of a recently demonstrated experimental technique capable of measuring the correlation function of a pulsed light source with picosecond time resolution. The measurement involves a streak camera in single photon counting mode, which is modified such that a signal at a fixed repetition rate, and well defined energy, can be monitored after each pulsed laser excitation. The technique provides further insight into the quantum optical properties of pulsed light emission from semiconductor nanostructures, and the dynamics inside a pulse, on the sub-nanosecond time scale.