How does an intervention work?-English Version : Development of an effect model for a complex intervention to prevent recurring or persistent pain using the example of PAIN 2.0.

In addition to the usual evaluation approach (usually a clinical randomized trial in the sense of the question: does an intervention work), complex interventions require further systematic investigations to prove their effectiveness. The role of the context in which the intervention is delivered is essential here, as is consideration of the question of why an intervention works (or does not work). Detailed recommendations exist for the planning and implementation of effectiveness studies on complex interventions, to which interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy undoubtedly belongs.

[How does an intervention work?-German Version. : Development of an effect model for a complex intervention to prevent recurring or persistent pain using the example of PAIN 2.0].

In addition to the usual evaluation approach (usually a clinical randomized trial in the sense of the question: does an intervention work), complex interventions require further systematic investigations to prove their effectiveness. The role of the context in which the intervention is delivered is essential here, as is consideration of the question of why an intervention works (or does not work). Detailed recommendations exist for the planning and implementation of effectiveness studies on complex interventions, to which interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy undoubtedly belongs.

What happens to silver-based nanoparticles if they meet seawater?

Silver based nanoparticles (Ag-b-NPs) in the environment are of current concern as they may pose risks to human and environmental health, even at low concentration levels. It is widely known that Ag-b-NPs, once released from products containing these particles for antimicrobial reasons, can pass through wastewater treatment plants to some extent. These particles are transported via running waterways and eventually reach the sea.