The uropathologist of the future: getting ready with intelligence for the prostate cancer tsunami.

According to the recently published paper by the Lancet Commission on prostate cancer (PCa) , the projections of new cases of PCa will rise from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million by 2040.

Stereotactic Body Radiation therapy for Liver Metastases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS) Practice Guidelines.

Purpose: Liver metastases are a significant clinical challenge in cancer management, often representing a stage of disease in which curative treatment is still possible. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as a promising modality for treating these metastases, offering a noninvasive approach with potential for high efficacy. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of SBRT in treating liver metastases, and practice recommendations are provided.

Nasal endoscopy score thresholds to trigger consideration of chronic rhinosinusitis treatment escalation and implications for disease control.

Background: In the absence of direct evidence supporting how to use nasal endoscopy findings to judge chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) disease control, experts' practice patterns could provide guidance.

Methodology: Participants consisted of a diverse group of twenty-nine rhinologists. Participants were presented with every possible combination of bilateral nasal endoscopy findings represented by the modified Lund-Kennedy (MLK; range: 0-12) endoscopic scoring system and Nasal Polyp Score (NPS; range: 0-8).

Stereotactic body radiation therapy in non-liver colorectal metastases: a scoping review.

Background: In oligometastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) represents a valid non-invasive local ablative treatment with high rates of local control (LC) and a low toxicity profile. This literature review was performed to evaluate the clinical benefit and toxicity of SBRT on non-liver metastases in CRC oligometastatic patients.

Methods: After searching PubMed, Medscape and Embase databases, 18 retrospective studies focused on body oligometastases excluding bone metastases were included in the analysis.

Predictive Factors for Long-Term Disease Control in Systemic Treatment-Naïve Oligorecurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Up-Front Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR).

Background: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is emerging as a potential local treatment option for oligometastatic RCC. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of SABR in patients with oligorecurrent RCC.

Methods: A total of 50 patients with histologically confirmed RCC underwent SABR for oligorecurrence between 2006 and 2022.

Machine learning and lean six sigma for targeted patient-specific quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy plans.

Background And Purpose: Radiotherapy plans with excessive complexity exhibit higher uncertainties and worse patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) results, while the workload of measurement-based PSQA can impact the efficiency of the radiotherapy workflow. Machine Learning (ML) and Lean Six Sigma, a process optimization method, were implemented to adopt a targeted PSQA approach, aiming to reduce workload, risk of failures, and monitor complexity.

Materials And Methods: Lean Six Sigma was applied using DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, and control) steps.

Patients ask and pathologists answer: ten questions around prostate cancer grading.

Pathologists have closely collaborated with clinicians, mainly urologists, to update the Gleason grading system to reflect the current practice and approach in prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This has led to the development of what is called patient advocacy and patient information. Ten common questions asked by patients to pathologists concerning PCa grading and the answers given by the latter are reported.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal oligometastases: a survey on patterns of practice on behalf of the Italian Association of Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy (AIRO).

Background: The Study Group for the Biology and Treatment of the OligoMetastatic Disease on behalf of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) has conducted a national survey with the aim to depict the current patterns of practice of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for spinal oligometastases.

Methods: The Surveymonkey platform was used to send a 28-items questionnaire focused on demographic, clinical and technical aspects related to SBRT for spinal oligometastases. All the AIRO members were invited to fill the questionnaire.

Prospective phase II trial on ablative stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for medically inoperable thoracic nodes metastases.

Background: Oligometastases in mediastinal nodes are increasingly prevalent, posing challenges for treatment with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) due to proximity to organs at risk (OARs). We report the results of a single prospective observational phase II trial on ablative SBRT for medically inoperable thoracic nodes metastases (NCT02970955).

Material And Methods: Since 2017, patients with < 3 nodal metastases were evaluated by the tumor board and included if deemed inoperable.

Delphi consensus on stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive renal cell carcinoma-a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology study endorsed by the European Association of Urology.

The purpose of this European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) project, endorsed by the European Association of Urology, is to explore expert opinion on the management of patients with oligometastatic and oligoprogressive renal cell carcinoma by means of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) on extracranial metastases, with the aim of developing consensus recommendations for patient selection, treatment doses, and concurrent systemic therapy. A questionnaire on SABR in oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma was prepared by a core group and reviewed by a panel of ten prominent experts in the field. The Delphi consensus methodology was applied, sending three rounds of questionnaires to clinicians identified as key opinion leaders in the field.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Cancers: A Multidisciplinary Survey.

Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have been introduced in various disciplines but remain rather unused in head and neck (H&N) cancers. This survey aimed to infer the current applications of and attitudes toward AI in the multidisciplinary care of H&N cancers. From November 2020 to June 2022, a web-based questionnaire examining the relationship between AI usage and professionals' demographics and attitudes was delivered to different professionals involved in H&N cancers through social media and mailing lists.

Deep learning-based optimization of field geometry for total marrow irradiation delivered with volumetric modulated arc therapy.

Background: Total marrow (lymphoid) irradiation (TMI/TMLI) is a radiotherapy treatment used to selectively target the bone marrow and lymph nodes in conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A complex field geometry is needed to cover the large planning target volume (PTV) of TMI/TMLI with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Five isocenters and ten overlapping fields are needed for the upper body, while, for patients with large anatomical conformation, two specific isocenters are placed on the arms.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for treating primary head and neck cancer and locoregional recurrence: A comprehensive review of the literature.

Introduction: Although stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has advance to standard-of-care for many different indications like lung and liver malignancies, it still remains in its infancy for treating head and neck cancer. Nevertheless there is a growing body of experience and evidence, which is summarized in this review Methods A thorough search of the literature was performed and critically reviewed both for SABR as a primary treatment as well as for treating locoregionally recurrent disease in a pre-irradiated field.

Results: There exist only few prospective data published so far for treating head and neck cancer with SABR.

Dose-intensified stereotactic body radiotherapy for painful vertebral metastases: A randomized phase 3 trial.

Background: The purpose of this randomised study was to determine whether dose-intensified stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for painful vertebral metastases results in increased rates of pain improvement compared with conventional external beam radiotherapy (cEBRT) (control) 6 months after treatment.

Methods: This randomized, controlled phase 3 trial was conducted between November 2016 and January 2023, when it was stopped early. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older; had one or two painful, stable, or potentially unstable vertebral metastases; and had a life expectancy of 1 year or longer according to the investigator's estimates.

Definitive results of a prospective non-randomized phase 2 study on stereotactic body radiation therapy (sbrt) for medically inoperable lung and liver oligometastases from breast cancer.

Background And Purpose: To report mature results for local control and survival in oligometastatic (OM) breast cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on lung and/or liver lesions in a phase II trial.

Methods: This is a prospective non-randomized phase II trial (NCT02581670) which enrolled patients from 2015 to 2021. Eligibility criteria included: age > 18 years, ECOG 0-2, diagnosis of breast cancer, maximum of 4 lung/liver lesions (with a maximum diameter < 5 cm), metastatic disease confined to the lungs and liver or extrapulmonary or extrahepatic disease stable or responding to systemic therapy.

Mapping the research landscape of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer: a bibliometric analysis.

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the scientific interest, the collaboration patterns and the emerging trends regarding HPV+ OPSCC diagnosis and treatment.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of articles reporting on HPV+ OPSCC within Scopus database was performed and all documents published up to December 31th, 2022 were eligible for analysis. Outcomes included the exploration of key characteristics (number of manuscripts published per year, growth rate, top productive countries, most highly cited papers, and the most well-represented journals), collaboration parameters (international collaboration ratio and networks, co-occurrence networks), keywords analysis (trend topics, factorial analysis).

ONE SHOT - single shot radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: 18-month results of a single arm, multicenter phase I/II trial.

Purpose: To assess in a prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase I/II study the early safety and efficacy profile of single fraction urethra-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for men with localized prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: Patients with low- and intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer without significant tumor in the transitional zone were recruited. A single-fraction of 19 Gy was delivered to the prostate, with 17 Gy dose-reduction to the urethra.

Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in urological tumours.

Advancements in cutting-edge molecular profiling techniques, such as next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analytic tools, have allowed researchers to examine tumour biology in detail and stratify patients based on factors linked with clinical outcome and response to therapy. This manuscript highlights the most relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers in kidney, bladder, prostate and testicular cancers with recognised impact in clinical practice. In bladder and prostate cancer, new genetic acquisitions concerning the biology of tumours have modified the therapeutic scenario and led to the approval of target directed therapies, increasing the quality of patient care.

The Oncological and Functional Prognostic Value of Unconventional Histology of Prostate Cancer in Localized Disease Treated with Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: An International Multicenter 5-Year Cohort Study.

Background And Objective: The impact of prostate cancer of unconventional histology (UH) on oncological and functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) receipt is unclear. We compared the impact of cribriform pattern (CP), ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC), and intraductal carcinoma (IDC) in comparison to pure adenocarcinoma (AC) on short- to mid-term oncological and functional results and receipt of aRT after RARP.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data for a large international cohort of men with localized prostate cancer treated with RARP between 2016 and 2020.

Oligometastatic sarcoma treated with Curative intent Ablative Radiotherapy (OSCAR): A multicenter study on behalf of AIRO (Italian association of Radiotherapy and clinical Oncology).

Background And Purpose: Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) is emerging as a valid alternative to surgery in the oligometastatic setting in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), although robust data are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate toxicity and efficacy of SABR in oligometastatic STS.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter study including adult patients affected by stage IV STS, treated with SABR for a maximum of 5 cranial or extracranial metastases in up to 3 different organs.

Long term update on toxicity and survival of a phase II trial of linac-based stereotactic body radiation therapy for low-intermediate risk prostate cancer.

Background: In 2016 we published a phase II study exploring safety and efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) delivered with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) and Flattening Filter Free (FFF) beams techniques in prostate cancer (PC) patients. We present herein the updated results on late toxicity and long-term survival.

Methods: Patients enrolled in the study had a biopsy-confirmed localized PC and the features of a low- or intermediate-risk disease (National Comprehensive Network Criteria).

Management of radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: a real-life survey among 25 Italian radiation oncology centers.

Aim: Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is the most frequent side effect in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with curative radiotherapy (RT). A standardized strategy for preventing and treating RIOM has not been defined. Aim of this study was to perform a real-life survey on RIOM management among Italian RT centers.