Sleep quality predicts future mood symptoms in adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Background: Poor sleep is prevalent in adolescents with bipolar disorder, precedes illness onset, and is associated with worse mood symptoms. We examined interrelationships between sleep quality and mood symptoms in adolescents with bipolar disorder, particularly effects of sleep quality on emergent mood symptoms.

Methods: Adolescents with bipolar disorder participated in a two-year longitudinal treatment study.

The role of retinal irradiance estimates in melanopsin-driven retinal responsivity: a reanalysis of the post-illumination pupil response in seasonal affective disorder.

To isolate melanopsin contributions to retinal sensitivity measured by the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR), controlling for individual differences in non-melanopsin contributions including retinal irradiance is required. When methodologies to negate such differences present barriers, statistical controls have included age, baseline diameter, iris pigmentation, and circadian time of testing. Alternatively, the pupil light reflex (PLR) and calculations estimating retinal irradiance both reflect retinal irradiance, while the PLR also reflects downstream pathways.

Circadian photoentrainment varies by season and depressed state: associations between light sensitivity and sleep and circadian timing.

Study Objectives: Altered light sensitivity may be an underlying vulnerability for disrupted circadian photoentrainment. The photic information necessary for circadian photoentrainment is sent to the circadian clock from melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The current study tested whether the responsivity of ipRGCs measured using the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) was associated with circadian phase, sleep timing, and circadian alignment, and if these relationships varied by season or depression severity.

The association between cortical gyrification and sleep in adolescents and young adults.

Study Objectives: Healthy sleep is important for adolescent neurodevelopment, and relationships between brain structure and sleep can vary in strength over this maturational window. Although cortical gyrification is increasingly considered a useful index for understanding cognitive and emotional outcomes in adolescence, and sleep is also a strong predictor of such outcomes, we know relatively little about associations between cortical gyrification and sleep. We aimed to identify developmentally invariant (stable across age) or developmentally specific (observed only during discrete age intervals) gyrification-sleep relationships in young people.

The association between cortical gyrification and sleep in adolescents and young adults.

Study Objectives: Healthy sleep is important for adolescent neurodevelopment, and relationships between brain structure and sleep can vary in strength over this maturational window. Although cortical gyrification is increasingly considered a useful index for understanding cognitive and emotional outcomes in adolescence, and sleep is also a strong predictor of such outcomes, we know relatively little about associations between cortical gyrification and sleep.

Methods: Using Local gyrification index (lGI) of 34 bilateral brain regions and regularized regression for feature selection, we examined gyrification-sleep relationships in the Neuroimaging and Pediatric Sleep databank (252 participants; 9-26 years; 58.

Subjective and neural reactivity during savoring and rumination.

Repetitive thinking about negative emotions or events is strongly associated with worse mental health, whereas repetitive positive thought is generally believed to be beneficial. This observation is at odds with the idea that all forms of repetitive thinking share underlying neural mechanisms. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, the present study examined relationships between subjective affect and neural mechanisms during periods of sustained processing of positive (savoring) and negative (rumination) emotion.

Performance evaluation of the open-source Yet Another Spindle Algorithm sleep staging algorithm against gold standard manual evaluation of polysomnographic records in adolescence.

Goal And Aims: To evaluate an automatic sleep scoring algorithm against manual polysomnography sleep scoring.

Focus Method/technology: Yet Another Spindle Algorithm automatic sleep staging algorithm.

Reference Method/technology: Manual sleep scoring.

Waking up on the wrong side of the bed: Depression severity moderates daily associations between sleep duration and morning affect.

Mornings are salient times for disrupted affect that may be impacted by prior sleep. The current study extends work linking sleep disruptions with negative affect by examining how nightly changes in sleep duration, timing, and quality relative to a person's average impact morning affect. We further tested whether depression severity moderated the relationship between nightly variations in sleep and morning affect.

Effects of emerging alcohol use on developmental trajectories of functional sleep measures in adolescents.

Study Objectives: Adolescence is characterized by significant brain development, accompanied by changes in sleep timing and architecture. It also is a period of profound psychosocial changes, including the initiation of alcohol use; however, it is unknown how alcohol use affects sleep architecture in the context of adolescent development. We tracked developmental changes in polysomnographic (PSG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep measures and their relationship with emergent alcohol use in adolescents considering confounding effects (e.

Elusive hypersomnolence in seasonal affective disorder: actigraphic and self-reported sleep in and out of depressive episodes.

Background: Hypersomnolence has been considered a prominent feature of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) despite mixed research findings. In the largest multi-season study conducted to date, we aimed to clarify the nature and extent of hypersomnolence in SAD using multiple measurements during winter depressive episodes and summer remission.

Methods: Sleep measurements assessed in individuals with SAD and nonseasonal, never-depressed controls included actigraphy, daily sleep diaries, retrospective self-report questionnaires, and self-reported hypersomnia assessed via clinical interviews.

Morning perception of sleep, stress, and mood, and its relationship with overnight physiological sleep: findings from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study.

This cross-sectional study investigated objective-subjective sleep discrepancies and the physiological basis for morning perceptions of sleep, mood, and readiness, in adolescents. Data collected during a single in-laboratory polysomnographic assessment from 137 healthy adolescents (61 girls; age range: 12-21 years) in the United States National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study were analysed. Upon awakening, participants completed questionnaires assessing sleep quality, mood, and readiness.

First-in-human noninvasive left ventricular ultrasound pacing: A potential screening tool for cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Background: A screening tool to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) could improve patient selection and outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of noninvasive CRT via transcutaneous ultrasonic left ventricular (LV) pacing applied as a screening test before CRT implants.

Methods: P-wave-triggered ultrasound stimuli were delivered during bolus dosing of an echocardiographic contrast agent to simulate CRT noninvasively.

Sleep intervention and glycemic control in gestational diabetes mellitus: a feasibility study.

Background: Over 50% of pregnant people report poor sleep quality and insomnia, with approximately 25% reporting short sleep (<7 hours per night). Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose functioning, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although short sleep is associated with elevated blood glucose in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, it is not known whether education on healthy sleep habits during pregnancy can improve sleep and thus glycemic control in these patients.

Naturalistic Sleep Patterns are Linked to Global Structural Brain Aging in Adolescence.

Purpose: We examined whether interindividual differences in naturalistic sleep patterns correlate with any deviations from typical brain aging.

Methods: Our sample consisted of 251 participants without current psychiatric diagnoses (9-25 years; mean [standard deviation] = 17.4 ± 4.

Sleep and circadian rhythm profiles in seasonal depression.

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are symptoms of, and hypothesized underlying mechanisms in, seasonal depression. Discrepant observational findings and mixed responses to sleep/circadian-based treatments suggest heterogenous sleep and circadian disruptions in seasonal depression, despite these disruptions historically conceptualized as delayed circadian phase and hypersomnia. This study used a data-driven cluster analysis to characterize sleep/circadian profiles in seasonal depression to identify treatment targets for future interventions.

Physical Exertion Partially Mitigates Task-Switching Deficits From Sleep Loss: Implications for Firefighters.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate effects of physical exertion on cognitive deficits from sleep loss under conditions that mimic a firefighting scenario.

Methods: Twenty-four male participants completed a crossover study design with 3 conditions: total sleep deprivation, sleep disruption (three 60-minute awakenings), and rested control. Participants then completed 50 minutes of a physical exertion task involving treadmill exercise in a heated room while wearing firefighter protective clothing.

Self-reported sleep and circadian characteristics predict alcohol and cannabis use: A longitudinal analysis of the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence Study.

Background: Growing evidence indicates that sleep characteristics predict future substance use and related problems. However, most prior studies assessed a limited range of sleep characteristics, studied a narrow age span, and included few follow-up assessments. Here, we used six annual assessments from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study, which spans adolescence and young adulthood with an accelerated longitudinal design, to examine whether multiple sleep characteristics in any year predict alcohol and cannabis use the following year.

Elucidating treatment targets and mediators within a confirmatory efficacy trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy vs. light therapy for winter depression.

Background: This study is a confirmatory efficacy trial of two treatments for winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD): SAD-tailored group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-SAD) and light therapy (LT). In our previous efficacy trial, post-treatment outcomes for CBT-SAD and LT were very similar, but CBT-SAD was associated with fewer depression recurrences two winters later than LT (27.3% in CBT-SAD vs.

Age Trends in Actigraphy and Self-Report Sleep Across the Life Span: Findings From the Pittsburgh Lifespan Sleep Databank.

Objective: Sleep changes over the human life span, and it does so across multiple dimensions. We used individual-level cross-sectional data to characterize age trends and sex differences in actigraphy and self-report sleep dimensions across the healthy human life span.

Methods: The Pittsburgh Lifespan Sleep Databank consists of harmonized participant-level data from sleep-related studies conducted at the University of Pittsburgh (2003-2019).