The effect of running shoes on lower extremity joint torques.

Objective: To determine the effect of modern-day running shoes on lower extremity joint torques during running.

Design: Two-condition experimental comparison.

Setting: A 3-dimensional motion analysis laboratory.

Activation of the S-H group in Fe(mu(2)-SH)Fe clusters: S-H bond strengths and free radical reactivity of the Fe(mu(2)-SH)Fe cluster.

Absolute rate constants were determined for the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from (OC)(3)Fe(mu-SH)(2)Fe(CO)(3) (Fe(2)S(2)H(2)) and (OC)(3)Fe(mu-SCH(3))(mu-SH)Fe(CO)(3) (Fe(2)S(2)MeH) by benzyl radicals in benzene. From the temperature-dependent rate data for Fe(2)S(2)H(2), DeltaH(++) and DeltaS(++) were determined to be 2.03 +/- 0.

Differences in static and dynamic measures in evaluation of talonavicular mobility in gait.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design.

Objectives: To compare the measurements of navicular drop during walking and running to those made clinically during a static position in a group of healthy young adults.

Background: The navicular drop test is a common clinical measure of foot structure and, more specifically, of talonavicular joint function.

Free energy landscapes for S-H bonds in Cp*2Mo2S4 complexes.

An extensive family of thermochemical data is presented for a series of complexes derived from Cp*Mo(mu-S)(2)(mu-SMe)(mu-SH)MoCp* and Cp*Mo(mu-S)(2)(mu-SH)(2)MoCp*. These data include electrochemical potentials, pK(a) values, homolytic solution bond dissociation free energies (SBDFEs), and hydride donor abilities in acetonitrile. Thermochemical data ranged from +0.

Trends in ground-state entropies for transition metal based hydrogen atom transfer reactions.

Reported herein are thermochemical studies of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions involving transition metal H-atom donors M(II)LH and oxyl radicals. [Fe(II)(H(2)bip)(3)](2+), [Fe(II)(H(2)bim)(3)](2+), [Co(II)(H(2)bim)(3)](2+), and Ru(II)(acac)(2)(py-imH) [H(2)bip = 2,2'-bi-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, H(2)bim = 2,2'-bi-imidazoline, acac = 2,4-pentandionato, py-imH = 2-(2'-pyridyl)imidazole)] each react with TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinoxyl) or (t)Bu(3)PhO(*) (2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxyl) to give the deprotonated, oxidized metal complex M(III)L and TEMPOH or (t)Bu(3)PhOH. Solution equilibrium measurements for the reaction of [Co(II)(H(2)bim)(3)](2+) with TEMPO show a large, negative ground-state entropy for hydrogen atom transfer, -41 +/- 2 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

Production of singlet oxygen atoms by photodissociation of oxywater.

Quantum chemical calculations are reported for the energies of the few lowest electronic singlet states of oxywater along dissociation of the oxygen-oxygen bond into water and singlet oxygen using multistate multireference second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory. We compute an energy of 21 kcal/mol to remove one oxygen atom in the lowest singlet state. The two lowest excited singlet states have vertical excitation energies of 2.

Changes in the coordination of hip and pelvis kinematics with mode of locomotion.

Limited hip extension mobility has been proposed as a possible cause of both increased anterior pelvic tilt and subsequent exaggerated lumbar lordosis during walking and running. The purpose of the present study was to examine the coordinated sagittal plane kinematic patterns of the hip and pelvis during walking and running in a substantial group of adult recreational runners. The kinematics of 73 healthy adult runners (age: 34+/-11years) were examined on an instrumented treadmill at self-selected walking and running speeds using a three-dimensional motion capture system.

Gait synchronized force modulation during the stance period of one limb achieved by an active partial body weight support system.

Our purpose was to demonstrate the ability of an actively controlled partial body weight support (PBWS) system to provide gait synchronized support during the stance period of a single lower extremity while examining the affect of such a support condition on gait asymmetry. Using an instrumented treadmill and a motion capture system, we compared gait parameters of twelve healthy elderly subjects (age 65-80 years) during unsupported walking to those while walking with 20% body weight support provided during only the stance period of the right limb. Specifically, we examined peak three-dimensional ground reaction force (GRF) data and the symmetry of lower extremity sagittal plane joint angles and of time and distance parameters.

Formation and reactivity of a persistent radical in a dinuclear molybdenum complex.

The reactivity of the S-H bond in Cp*Mo(mu-S) 2(mu-SMe)(mu-SH)MoCp* ( S 4 MeH) has been explored by determination of kinetics of hydrogen atom abstraction to form the radical Cp*Mo(mu-S) 3(mu-SMe)MoCp* ( S 4 Me*), as well as reaction of hydrogen with the radical-dimer equilibrium to reform the S-H complex. From the temperature dependent rate data for the abstraction of hydrogen atom by benzyl radical, Delta H (double dagger) and Delta S (double dagger) were determined to be 1.54 +/- 0.

A kinematics and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill running.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic and kinetic parameters of treadmill running to those of overground running.

Methods: Twenty healthy young subjects ran overground at their self-selected moderate running speed. Motion capture and ground reaction force (GRF) data for three strides of each limb were recorded and the subjects' average running speed was evaluated.

The influence of arch supports on knee torques relevant to knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: Changes in footwear and foot orthotic devices have been shown to significantly alter knee joint torques thought to be relevant to the progression if not the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the medial tibiofemoral compartment. The purpose of this study was to determine if commonly prescribed arch support cushions promote a medial force bias during gait similar to medial-wedged orthotics, thereby increasing knee varus torque during both walking and running.

Methods: Twenty-two healthy, physically active young adults (age, 29.

Translocation of aquaporin-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane is facilitated by actomyosin relaxation.

Docking and fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane is a fundamental process in living cells. An established model for the trafficking of vesicles is based on primary epithelial cells from the collecting duct of the nephron. Upon stimulation with the signaling peptide arginine-vasopressin (AVP), aquaporin-containing vesicles are directed to the plasma membrane.

Cardiovascular effects of a novel potent and highly selective azaindole-based inhibitor of Rho-kinase.

Background And Purpose: Rho-kinase (ROCK) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of altered vasoregulation leading to hypertension. Here we describe the pharmacological characterization of a potent, highly selective and orally active ROCK inhibitor, the derivative of a class of azaindoles, azaindole 1 (6-chloro-N4-{3,5-difluoro-4-[(3-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)oxy]-phenyl}pyrimidine-2,4-diamine).

Experimental Approach: Pharmacological characterization of azaindole 1 was performed with human recombinant ROCK in vitro.

Physiological modulation of gait variables by an active partial body weight support system.

Partial body weight support (PBWS) systems used for rehabilitation status post-neurological and musculoskeletal pathologies and injuries are traditionally passive. Our purpose was to demonstrate the ability of an actively controlled PBWS system to provide a clinically relevant modulated support condition while investigating the impact of such a condition on the dynamics of gait. Using an instrumented treadmill and a motion capture system, we compared gait parameters of six healthy young adults (age 24-31 years) during unsupported walking to those under the assistance of two support conditions (a constant 20% body weight support, and a modulated support providing 20% body weight support during the loading response of each leg while allowing for an unsupported terminal stance).

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes cell survival by activation of the Akt pathway and role for CSN5/JAB1 in the control of autocrine MIF activity.

The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in cell survival and the development of cancer. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a critical inflammatory cytokine that was recently associated with tumorigenesis and that potently inhibits apoptosis. This may involve inhibition of p53-dependent genes, but the initiating molecular mechanism of how MIF controls survival/apoptosis is unknown.

Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Lyme borreliosis.

Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the spirochaetes Borrelia burgdorferi, B. garinii and B. afzelii.

Outcomes of hysterectomy in HIV-seropositive women compared to seronegative women.

Objective: To compare the postoperative complication rates after hysterectomy between HIV-infected patients and HIV-uninfected patients.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective study of 24 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who underwent hysterectomy between January 1, 2000 and April 2, 2003 at Grady Memorial Hospital. Postoperative complications rates among HIV-infected women were compared to those rates among HIV-uninfected women.

First measurement of the transverse spin asymmetries of the deuteron in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.

First measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering of muons on a transversely polarized 6LiD target are presented. The data were taken in 2002 with the COMPASS spectrometer using the muon beam of the CERN SPS at 160 GeV/c. The Collins asymmetry turns out to be compatible with zero, as does the measured Sivers asymmetry within the present statistical errors.

First results from the CERN axion solar telescope.

Hypothetical axionlike particles with a two-photon interaction would be produced in the sun by the Primakoff process. In a laboratory magnetic field ("axion helioscope"), they would be transformed into x-rays with energies of a few keV. Using a decommissioned Large Hadron Collider test magnet, the CERN Axion Solar Telescope ran for about 6 months during 2003.

Hypernuclear fine structure in (16)(Lambda)O and the LambdaN tensor interaction.

We have observed two gamma-ray transitions in (16)(Lambda)O from the 6.6 MeV excited 1(-)(2) state to both ground-state spin-doublet members (1(-)(1),0(-)) by the (K-,pi(-)gamma) reaction. We have obtained the ground-state doublet spacing to be 26.

Identification and biosynthesis of an aggregation pheromone of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus.

In an effort to identify new pheromones from mites, the headspace of undisturbed colonies of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus was analyzed by GC-MS by use of a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) or solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The major compound emitted from the mites is (4R,6R,8R)-4,6,8-trimethyldecan-2-one (4R,6R,8R-8). The structure was elucidated by analysis of the mass spectrum, synthesis of authentic samples, and gas chromatography on a chiral phase.