Relationship between normal tension glaucoma and Flammer syndrome.

Background: Besides intraocular pressure, vascular factors play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. One of these potential vascular factors is Flammer syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to determine in a Korean population whether signs and symptoms of Flammer syndrome occur more often in normal tension glaucoma patients than in control subjects.

Diagnosis of non-exudative (DRY) age related macular degeneration by non-invasive photon-correlation spectroscopy.

Purpose: Photon-correlation spectroscopy (PCS) (quasi-elastic light scattering spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy) allows the non-invasively reveal of local dynamics and local heterogeneities of macromolecular systems. The capability of this technique to diagnose the retinal pathologies by in-vivo investigations of spatial anomalies of retinas displaying non-exudative senile macular degeneration was evaluated. Further, the potential use of the technique for the diagnosis of the macular degeneration was analyzed and displayed by the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC).

Riboflavin/ultraviolet a crosslinking of the paracentral cornea.

Purpose: The depth of corneal crosslinking (CXL) does not seem homogeneous within the treatment area but shows a reduction toward the periphery of the cornea. This study was undertaken to investigate this reduction effect and to look for possible solutions.

Methods: Ten corneas were investigated by means of an optical coherence tomography system (SS-100; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) 1 month after standard CXL (epithelium off, 0.

Analysis of diabetic vitreopathy with dynamic light scattering spectroscopy--problems and solutions related to photon correlation.

Purpose: To explore the molecular alterations of the vitreous by dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy (quasi-elastic light scattering spectroscopy, photon-correlation spectroscopy) in normals and in patients afflicted with various degrees of non-proliferative and with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Dynamic light scattering spectroscopy was employed to analyze the vitreous of normals and of patients with diabetes non-invasively to estimate both the sizes and diffusion coefficients of mobile macromolecules and/or microparticles.

Results: Abnormal molecular behaviour of vitreous molecules was observed in patients with diabetes afflicted with various degrees of diabetic vitreo-retinopathy.

The linear models of brightness sensation.

An analysis and mathematical comparison of models underlying the phenomena of brightness and contrast are presented. The concept of self-excitation which has not so far been considered is introduced into the structure of the models. Mach Bands can be described by two essentially different but formally identical mechanisms.

Postoperative follow up by dynamic light scattering: detection of inflammatory molecular changes in the cornea, the vitreous and the lens.

Objective: To detect post-op molecular changes and inflammatory processes by dynamic light scattering (DLS) in eye segments. To develop DLS parameters which are appropriate for the control of post-op course after ophthalmologic surgery. METHODS, DESIGN: Three new DLS devices were tested in different post-op clinical settings such as pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), cataract surgery and retinal surgery.

Dynamic light scattering in ophthalmology: results of in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Objective: To calibrate new dynamic light scattering (DLS) devices in defined solutions and post mortem porcine and human eyes. To examine all segments of the eye and to become familiar with the usage of the technique in living subjects. METHODS, DESIGN: Three new DLS devices for the usage in patients were developed.

Simulation in perimetry -- program Perisim 2000.

The program Perisim 2000 enables one to simulate the interaction of a number of visual field examination strategies with a number of stored visual fields, both normal and pathological, with several patterns of observer (patient) behavior. A considerable number of visual fields, patient behavior patterns and examination strategies, including a full bracketing strategy, Gonzalez de la Rosa's tendency-oriented perimetry (TOP) and Weber's dynamic program, are available. Statistical programs are also incorporated.

Adjustment of guidelines for exposure of the eye to optical radiation from ocular instruments: statement from a task group of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).

A variety of optical and electro-optical instruments are used for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications to the human eye. These generally expose ocular structures to either coherent or incoherent optical radiation (ultraviolet, visible, or infrared radiation) under unique conditions. We convert both laser and incoherent exposure guidelines derived for normal exposure conditions to the application of ophthalmic sources.

Supernormal vision, high-resolution retinal imaging, multiphoton imaging and nanosurgery of the cornea--a review.

Wavelength-corrected, adaptive optics and their relevance for diagnostic procedures of the human retina are considered. First, it is shown that the compensation of errors of the dioptric apparatus of the eye allows sharp and high-contrast images of retinal elements, such as the photoreceptors, to be generated. This technology is expected to enable on the one hand an improved laser therapy by the application of laser spots of the size of single receptors as well as on the other a further understanding of the mechanisms of vision, in particular of colour vision by using colour stimuli not larger than the cones.

Cyclodestructive procedures. II. Optical fibers, endoscopy, physics: a review.

Methods used in laser destructive procedures are detailed. While in noncontact procedures laser energy is delivered via the optics of a slitlamp, often enhanced by contact lenses, the contact method takes advantage of optical fibers for the delivery of energy. Endpieces such as hemispherical or microlens probes enhance the cyclodestructive effect and/or allow the dose of laser energy to be reduced.

Cyclodestructive procedures. I. Clinical and morphological aspects: a review.

Laser cyclophotocoagulation is an accepted method of cyclodestruction, such as cyclocryothermy and the application of cyclodiathermy, microwaves and ultrasound. These procedures may be considered as ultima ratios or 'last-resort interventions'. Also, in cases where surgery is not possible, cyclodestruction may be the initial intervention.

Applications of the neodymium:YAG laser in plastic surgery of the face and lacrimal surgery. Wound repair. A review.

The physical and clinical features of a number of laser energy sources presently being used in plastic and endonasal surgery, such as the Nd:YAG, KTP, Ho:YAG, Er:YAG and CO(2) lasers, are emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the Nd:YAG laser and to an Nd:YAG laser-powered quartz laser scalpel.

Clinical effects of the Nd:YAG laser operating in the photodisruptive and thermal modes. A review.

The clinical effects of the Nd:YAG laser operating in both the photodisruptive (Q-switched) and thermal (free-running, cw) modes are discussed, and their clinical applications investigated. Moreover, the physical background of the working modes is explored. When working in the photodisruptive and fundamental (TEM(00)) modes, it is possible to carry out delicate clinical tasks with minimally invasive effects.

Anterior lamellar keratoplasty with a microkeratome: a method for managing complications after refractive surgery.

Purpose: To demonstrate a technique of anterior lamellar keratoplasty with standardized and automated preparation of surface-parallel cuts in both donor and recipient appropriate for addressing several problems after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods: We report a noncomparative series of ten eyes with complications after LASIK and PRK. Lamellar cuts were performed in donor and recipient eyes by means of an automated microkeratome.