Orthotopic meningioma rat model exhibits morphological and immunohistochemical congruency and epigenetic concordance with benign primary patient-derived tumors.

Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumor. Clinical trials have failed to support effective medical treatments, despite initially promising animal studies. A key issue could be that available experimental models fail to mimic the clinical situation.

CRIME-Q-a unifying tool for critical appraisal of methodological (technical) quality, quality of reporting and risk of bias in animal research.

Background: Systematic reviews within the field of animal research are becoming more common. However, in animal translational research, issues related to methodological quality and quality of reporting continue to arise, potentially leading to underestimation or overestimation of the effects of interventions or prevent studies from being replicated. The various tools and checklists available to ensure good-quality studies and proper reporting include both unique and/or overlapping items and/or simply lack necessary elements or are too situational to certain conditions or diseases.

Utilizing retinal arteriole/venule ratio to estimate intracranial pressure.

Purpose: Intracranial pressure (ICP) control is important to avoid secondary brain injury in patients with intracranial pathologies. Current methods for measuring ICP are invasive and carry risks of infection and hemorrhage. Previously we found correlation between ICP and the arteriole-venous ratio (A/V ratio) of retinal vessels in an outpatient setting.

Prompt closure versus gradual weaning of external ventricular drain for hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a statistical analysis plan for the DRAIN randomised clinical trial.

Background: Insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD) is a first-line treatment of acute hydrocephalus caused by aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Once the patient is clinically stable, the EVD is either removed or replaced by a permanent internal shunt. The optimal strategy for cessation of the EVD is unknown.

Patterns of care and survival in patients with multifocal glioblastoma: A Danish cohort study.

Background: This Danish cohort study aims to (1) compare patterns of care (POC) and survival of patients with multifocal glioblastoma (mGBM) to those with unifocal glioblastoma (uGBM), and (2) explore the association of patient-related factors with treatment assignment and prognosis, respectively, in the subgroup of mGBM patients.

Methods: Data on all adults with newly diagnosed, pathology-confirmed GBM between 2015 and 2019 were extracted from the Danish Neuro-Oncology Registry. To compare POC and survival of mGBM to uGBM, we applied multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis, respectively.

The Influence of Size on the Intracranial Distribution of Biomedical Nanoparticles Administered by Convection-enhanced Delivery in Minipigs.

Because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), successful drug delivery to the brain has long been a key objective for the medical community, calling for pioneering technologies to overcome this challenge. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), a form of direct intraparenchymal microinfusion, shows promise but requires optimal infusate design and real-time distribution monitoring. The size of the infused substances appears to be especially critical, with current knowledge being limited.

Optimal drainage time after evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma (DRAIN TIME 2): a multicentre, randomised, multiarm and multistage non-inferiority trial in Denmark.

Background: Postoperative drainage after surgical evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma reduces the risk of recurrence, but the optimum drainage time is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the shortest possible drainage time without increasing the haematoma recurrence rate.

Methods: We conducted a randomised, multi-arm and multistage non-inferiority trial at four neurosurgical centres in Denmark.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Validation of the DESH score as a prognostic tool for shunt surgery response.

Objective: Several radiological markers have been linked to clinical improvement after shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). However, iNPH has no pathognomonic feature, and patients are still diagnosed as probable, possible, or unlikely cases based on clinical symptoms, imaging findings, and invasive supplementary tests. The predictive value of the disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) score is not yet conclusively determined, but it might offer a more accurate diagnostic method.

Treatment of Meningiomas Involving the Optic Canal with Endoscopic Transnasal Decompression of the Optic Nerve.

Background: Management of patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) is controversial and the treatment strategy in this patient group is still up for discussion. Transnasal endoscopic orbital and optic nerve decompression aims to reduce the pressure in the orbit and on the optic nerve and thereby prevent vision loss. This article presents material from 7 cases of transnasal endoscopic orbital decompression.

Reliability and performance of the IRRAflow® system for intracranial lavage and evacuation of hematomas-A technical note.

Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a severe condition with poor outcomes and high mortality. IRRAflow® (IRRAS AB) is a new technology introduced to accelerate IVH clearance by minimally invasive wash-out. The IRRAflow® system performs active and controlled intracranial irrigation and aspiration with physiological saline, while simultaneously monitoring and maintaining a stable intracranial pressure (ICP).

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Permanent shunt diversion of cerebrospinal fluid away from the central nervous system is a widely recognized neurosurgical procedure. Still, patients with ventricular shunts are at substantial risk of shunt dysfunction, which includes complications like mechanical shunt failure, abnormal shunt drainage and infection. Early detection of shunt dysfunction is essential to proper and timely treatment, and acute shunt dysfunction might require immediate intervention.

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A further rise in chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) prevalence is expected with an ageing population, and evidence-based guidelines are needed to direct treatment, while creating a platform for research. The Danish Chronic Subdural Hematoma Study (DACSUHS) has implemented the first Danish national CSDH guidelines in 2018 and have standardised CSDH management on a national level. Based on CSDH literature published between 2016 and 2022, these guidelines were updated in 2022.

Descriptive registry study on outcome and complications of external ventricular drainage treatment of intraventricular haemorrhage in a Danish cohort: a study protocol.

Introduction: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. External ventricular drainage (EVD) has been shown to decrease mortality. Although EVD is widely used, outcome and complication rates in EVD-treated patients with IVH are not fully elucidated.

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Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by bacterial invasion and the host response to infection. Antibiotic therapy is a sine qua non, and adjunct dexamethasone decreases mortality. The ICP increase may have a rapid course and death due to herniation is most often seen within the first week.

Meningioma animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Animal models are widely used to study pathological processes and drug (side) effects in a controlled environment. There is a wide variety of methods available for establishing animal models depending on the research question. Commonly used methods in tumor research include xenografting cells (established/commercially available or primary patient-derived) or whole tumor pieces either orthotopically or heterotopically and the more recent genetically engineered models-each type with their own advantages and disadvantages.

Intraoperative Irrigation and Risk of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence.

Background And Objectives: In most neurosurgical centers, irrigation is an essential part of the surgical procedure for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, it is unknown whether the volume of irrigation fluid affects the risk of CSDH recurrence. This study aimed to investigate a potential association between the volume of irrigation fluid used during burr hole evacuation of CSDH and the risk of CSDH recurrence.

Intraventricular Lavage vs External Ventricular Drainage for Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Intraventricular lavage has been proposed as a minimally invasive method to evacuate intraventricular hemorrhage. There is little evidence to support its use.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of intraventricular lavage treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage.

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This review investigates focused ultrasound for treating neuro-oncological diseases as an emerging treatment modality. The technique is based on focused ultrasound waves guided by MRI. By using high or low-frequency waves, thermoablation of smaller tissue volumes centrally in the brain or a safe, temporary opening of the blood-brain barrier can be carried out for better penetration of chemotherapy.

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In Denmark, head injuries are generally managed according to the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee Guideline (SNC), which aims to safely reduce head CTs. This review investigates how pre-injury vitamin K-antagonist treatment is associated with adverse outcome in head injury patients, but the significance of other antithrombotics is uncertain. Implementation of S100B in the SNC Guideline has reduced CT usage by approx.

USP25 Inhibits Neuroinflammatory Responses After Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Deubiquitinating TAB2.

Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke injury remain poorly understood. Here, it is found that deficiency of the ubiquitin-specific protease USP25 significantly aggravate ischemic stroke injury in mice.

Inhibition of cystathionine-gamma lyase dampens vasoconstriction in mouse and human intracerebral arterioles.

Aim: In extracerebral vascular beds cystathionine-gamma lyase (CSE) activity plays a vasodilatory role but the role of this hydrogen sulfide (H S) producing enzyme in the intracerebral arterioles remain poorly understood. We hypothesized a similar function in the intracerebral arterioles.

Methods: Intracerebral arterioles were isolated from wild type C57BL/6J mouse (9-12 months old) brains and from human brain biopsies.