Ancient genomics and the origin, dispersal, and development of domestic sheep.

The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep () are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled from across Eurasia. Genomes from Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE are genetically proximal to the domestic origins of sheep but do not fully explain the ancestry of later populations, suggesting a mosaic of wild ancestries. Genomic signatures indicate selection by ancient herders for pigmentation patterns, hornedness, and growth rate.

Peer Learning in a College Student Health and Well-Being Expo: Together Again After Returning From Remote Learning.

Returning to campus after remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, many of us were excited about participating in interactive, hands-on health promotion for students. In response, our Office of Wellness Promotion planned a student health and well-being expo in partnership with the university's College of Health Sciences (CHS). Faculty were invited to involve their students in the delivery.

Multiple ancestries and shared gene flow among modern livestock guarding dogs.

Livestock guarding dogs (LGDs) have been used to protect livestock for millennia. While previous works suggested a single origin of modern LGDs, the degree and source of shared ancestry have not been tested. To address this, we generated genome-wide SNP data from 304 LGDs and combined it with public genomic data from 2,183 modern and 22 ancient dogs.

Imputation of ancient canid genomes reveals inbreeding history over the past 10,000 years.

The multi-millenia long history between dogs and humans has placed them at the forefront of archeological and genomic research. Despite ongoing efforts including the analysis of ancient dog and wolf genomes, many questions remain regarding their geographic and temporal origins, and the microevolutionary processes that led to the diversity of breeds today. Although ancient genomes provide valuable information, their use is hindered by low depth of coverage and post-mortem damage, which inhibits confident genotype calling.

Patagonian partnerships: the extinct and its interaction with prehistoric human communities.

The southern Mendoza province, located in the northern region of Patagonia, was inhabited by hunter-gatherer groups until historic times. Previous archaeological studies have reported canid remains among faunal assemblages, which were assumed to be part of the human diet. However, the taxonomic identification and significance of these canids within human groups have raised questions.

Genomic insights into the population history and adaptive traits of Latin American Criollo cattle.

Criollo cattle, the descendants of animals brought by Iberian colonists to the Americas, have been the subject of natural and human-mediated selection in novel tropical agroecological zones for centuries. Consequently, these breeds have evolved distinct characteristics such as resistance to diseases and exceptional heat tolerance. In addition to European taurine () ancestry, it has been proposed that gene flow from African taurine and Asian indicine () cattle has shaped the ancestry of Criollo cattle.

Ancient chicken remains reveal the origins of virulence in Marek's disease virus.

The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek's disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually.

The history of Coast Salish "woolly dogs" revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous Knowledge.

Ancestral Coast Salish societies in the Pacific Northwest kept long-haired "woolly dogs" that were bred and cared for over millennia. However, the dog wool-weaving tradition declined during the 19th century, and the population was lost. In this study, we analyzed genomic and isotopic data from a preserved woolly dog pelt from "Mutton," collected in 1859.

A pangenome graph reference of 30 chicken genomes allows genotyping of large and complex structural variants.

Background: The red junglefowl, the wild outgroup of domestic chickens, has historically served as a reference for genomic studies of domestic chickens. These studies have provided insight into the etiology of traits of commercial importance. However, the use of a single reference genome does not capture diversity present among modern breeds, many of which have accumulated molecular changes due to drift and selection.

Implant-supported crowns on maxillary laterals and canines-a long-term follow-up of aesthetics and function.

Objectives: To assess the long-term aesthetic and functional aspects of implant-supported crowns in lateral (ISC-L) and canine positions (ISC-C).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two patients (14 males, 18 females, mean age: 23.1, SD:2.

Genetic swamping of the critically endangered Scottish wildcat was recent and accelerated by disease.

The European wildcat population in Scotland is considered critically endangered as a result of hybridization with introduced domestic cats, though the time frame over which this gene flow has taken place is unknown. Here, using genome data from modern, museum, and ancient samples, we reconstructed the trajectory and dated the decline of the local wildcat population from viable to severely hybridized. We demonstrate that although domestic cats have been present in Britain for over 2,000 years, the onset of hybridization was only within the last 70 years.

Limited historical admixture between European wildcats and domestic cats.

Domestic cats were derived from the Near Eastern wildcat (Felis lybica), after which they dispersed with people into Europe. As they did so, it is possible that they interbred with the indigenous population of European wildcats (Felis silvestris). Gene flow between incoming domestic animals and closely related indigenous wild species has been previously demonstrated in other taxa, including pigs, sheep, goats, bees, chickens, and cattle.

Repurposing sunscreen as an antibiotic: zinc-activated avobenzone inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major healthcare concern with associated healthcare costs reaching over ${\$}$1 billion in a single year in the USA. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is now observed against last line of defense antibiotics, such as vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin.

The extinct Sicilian wolf shows a complex history of isolation and admixture with ancient dogs.

The Sicilian wolf remained isolated in Sicily from the end of the Pleistocene until its extermination in the 1930s-1960s. Given its long-term isolation on the island and distinctive morphology, the genetic origin of the Sicilian wolf remains debated. We sequenced four nuclear genomes and five mitogenomes from the seven existing museum specimens to investigate the Sicilian wolf ancestry, relationships with extant and extinct wolves and dogs, and diversity.

Caregiver Versus Surgeon Concerns in New Diagnosis of Congenital Hand and Upper Extremity Anomalies.

Purpose: The initial office visit can be a stressful time for families with children with congenital upper extremity differences. These families may have concerns that differ from the information that pediatric hand surgeons believe is important to discuss. The purpose of this study was to compare topics that families and surgeons believe are most important to address at the initial office visits to better inform and guide that visit.

Hybrid origin of a primate, the gray snub-nosed monkey.

Hybridization is widely recognized as promoting both species and phenotypic diversity. However, its role in mammalian evolution is rarely examined. We report historical hybridization among a group of snub-nosed monkeys () that resulted in the origin of a hybrid species.

Experience With Proximal Median Nerve Entrapment by the Lacertus Fibrosus.

Background: Unconscious bias of the clinician favors the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in patients with median paresthesia. We hypothesized that more patients in this cohort would be diagnosed with proximal median nerve entrapment (PMNE) by strengthening our cognitive awareness of this alternative diagnosis. We also hypothesized that patients with PMNE may be successfully treated with surgical release of the lacertus fibrosus (LF).

Safeguarding Imperiled Biodiversity and Evolutionary Processes in the Wallacea Center of Endemism.

Wallacea-the meeting point between the Asian and Australian fauna-is one of the world's largest centers of endemism. Twenty-three million years of complex geological history have given rise to a living laboratory for the study of evolution and biodiversity, highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures. In the present article, we review the historic and contemporary processes shaping Wallacea's biodiversity and explore ways to conserve its unique ecosystems.