Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001.

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically.

Interrelations of organism prevalence, specimen collection method, and host age, sex, and breed among 8,354 canine urinary tract infections (1969-1995).

Selected information was compiled from canine urinalyses and urine cultures conducted between January 1969 and December 1995. Eight thousand three hundred fifty-four microbial isolates (bacteria and fungi) included 4,873 isolates from females and 3,481 from males. Ten bacterial genera accounted for 96.

Recurrent and persistent urinary tract infections in dogs: 383 cases (1969-1995).

Laboratory records of bacterial urine cultures from 383 dogs with recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections (UTI) diagnosed at the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) between 1969 and 1995 were reviewed retrospectively to characterize the bacteria involved and their association with age, gender, and breed of dogs affected. Sixty-eight breeds and a mixed-breed group were represented. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate, although mixed-bacterial infections were seen in 58% of the female and 55% of the male dogs.

Urolithiasis in dogs V: regional comparisons of breed, age, sex, anatomic location, and mineral type of calculus.

Objective: To determine extent and nature of regional differences in distribution of canine urinary calculi.

Sample Population: 13,552 calculus specimens: 7,056 (52.1%) from females, 6,492 (47.

Urolithiasis in dogs. IV: Survey of interrelations among breed, mineral composition, and anatomic location of calculi, and presence of urinary tract infection.

Objective: To compile and analyze selected data from a large number of canine urinary calculus specimens that were subjected to quantitative, layer-by-layer mineral analysis.

Sample Population: 11,000 canine urinary calculus specimens: 5,781 from female dogs, 5,215 from male dogs, and 4 from dogs of unrecorded sex.

Procedure: Records of the Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California were used to compile information regarding urinary calculus specimens from dogs.

Urolithiasis in dogs. III: Prevalence of urinary tract infection and interrelations of infection, age, sex, and mineral composition.

Objective: To compile and statistically analyze selected data from a large number of canine urinary calculus specimens that were subjected to quantitative, layer-by-layer mineral analysis.

Sample Population: 11,000 canine urinary calculus specimens. 5,781 from female dogs, 5,215 from male dogs, and 4 from dogs of unrecorded sex.

Urolithiasis in dogs. II: Breed prevalence, and interrelations of breed, sex, age, and mineral composition.

Objective: To analyze selected breed-related data for canine urinary calculi.

Sample Population: 11,000 specimens: 5,781 from female dogs, 5,215 from males, and 4 from dogs of unrecorded sex.

Procedure: Information was compiled for all canine urinary calculi submitted between July 1981 and January 1994.

Urolithiasis in dogs. I: Mineral prevalence and interrelations of mineral composition, age, and sex.

Objective: To compile and statistically analyze selected data from a large number of canine urinary calculi.

Sample Population: 11,000 specimens: 5,781 from female dogs, 5,215 from male dogs, and 4 from dogs of unrecorded sex.

Procedure: Records were used to compile information from all canine calculi analyzed between July 1981 and January 1994.

Renal calculi in dogs and cats: prevalence, mineral type, breed, age, and gender interrelationships (1981-1993).

Three hundred seventeen specimens of urinary calculi of renal origin from 214 female dogs and 103 male dogs, and 71 specimens of urinary calculi of renal origin from 38 female cats and 33 male cats were submitted for mineral analysis between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 1993. Among dogs, 45 breeds were affected with renal calculi. Thirty-three breeds and a crossbred group were represented among females, but 8 breeds and the crossbred group accounted for 81% of the total.

Silica-containing urinary calculi in dogs (1981-1993).

Silica-containing urinary calculi obtained from 773 dogs and submitted by veterinarians throughout the United States were analyzed by quantitative crystallographic analysis to determine mineral composition. Specimens were composed of either multiple mineral layers (535 specimens) or 1 mineral layer (238 specimens). Most multiple-layer calculi were composed of 80% or greater silica (300 of 535, 56%) or 20% to 79% silica (184 of 535, 34%) in any mineral layer.

Evaluation of factors associated with development of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats.

Objective: To evaluate dietary and environmental factors as potential risk factors for calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats.

Design: Case-control study.

Animals: 84 cats with uroliths composed of at least 90% calcium oxalate and 258 age- and gender-matched control cats.

Twin pregnancy diagnosis in Holstein cows: discriminatory powers and accuracy of diagnosis by transrectal palpation and outcome of twin pregnancies.

The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive value of twin pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpation and to examine fetal survival, culling rates, and gestational lengths of cows diagnosed with twins. In this prospective study, 5309 cows on 14 farms in California were followed from pregnancy diagnosis to subsequent abortion or calving. The average sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive value of twin pregnancy diagnosis were 49.

Reproductive performance in high producing dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.

The reproductive performance of 156 cows treated with recombinant bST for two consecutive lactations was assessed as part of a target animal safety study conducted in the San Joaquín Valley of central California. Daily intramuscular administration of 17.2, 51.

Interval from calving to conception in high producing dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.

Intervals from calving to conception in cows treated for two lactations with recombinant bST were ascertained using survival analysis methods. Daily intramuscular administration of placebo, 17.2, 51.

Pregnancy incidence in high producing dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.

Reproductive performance in cows exposed for two lactations to recombinant bST was measured using unconditional logistic regression. Intramuscular administration of 17.2, 51.

Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for epidemiological studies of diseases of livestock in the tropics of Mexico.

This study was conducted at the Centre for Research, Teaching and Extension in Tropical Livestock (Centro de Investigación, Enseñanza y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. During the latter part of 1986 and throughout 1988 and 1989, the herd of Holstein x zebu cattle at the University was tested for IgG antibodies to twenty-one viral, bacterial, rickettsial and parasitic agents. Antigens prepared from twenty infectious disease agents were used as the solid phase in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the agar gel immunodiffusion procedure was used to test for antibodies against bovine leukaemia virus.

Urolithiasis in Dalmations: 275 cases (1981-1990).

From July 1, 1981 to December 31, 1990 the Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California received 292 urinary calculi from 275 Dalmations (14 females, 14 episodes; 261 males, 278 episodes). The mean age of dogs at the time of the first episode of calculus formation was 4.5 years for males and 5.

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae as a predisposing cause of cauda equina syndrome in German shepherd dogs: 161 cases (1987-1990).

The records of 161 German Shepherd Dogs were divided into groups depending on whether there was a radiographic diagnosis of degenerative disk disease (DDD) involving the lumbosacral disk and lumbosacral transitional vertebral segments (TVS) and whether the dogs had cauda equina syndrome (CES). Statistical analysis of the data suggested an association between TVS and CES and an association between DDD and CES. Establishment of confidence intervals revealed the group without either DDD or TVS indicators differed markedly from the other 3 groups of CES relative to the presence of DDD and TVS.

The association between antibody titres against Campylobacter fetus and milk production efficiency in dairy cattle.

The association between serological evidence of exposure to Campylobacter fetus and milk production performance was studied in 178 lactating cows from three California Dairy Herd Improvement Association herds using a cross-sectional study design in December 1986. ELISAs were used to determine the antibody titres against Campylobacter fetus, Haemophilus somnus and Leptospira hardjo, which were classified as either negative or positive. The status of a cow as negative or positive against C.

The association between antibody titres against Campylobacter fetus and reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle.

The relationship between the antibody titres against Campylobacter fetus and various indices of reproductive efficiency was studied in a cross-sectional study of 178 dairy cows from three California Dairy Herd Improvement Association herds. Blood samples were collected from the lactating cows during December 1986. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the antibody titres of the cow against Campylobacter fetus, Haemophilus somnus and Leptospira hardjo and were classified as either negative or positive.

Risk factors associated with the incidence of seroconversion to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in goats on California dairies.

Incidence of seroconversion to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was determined for 1,194 goats on 11 dairies, using 2 repeated annual herd tests for CAEV. Current life table methods were used to compare age-specific incidence of seroconversion for pasteurized milk-raised and unpasteurized milk-raised goats. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors associated with CAEV seroconversion, and to estimate odds ratios for seroconversion for various factor levels.

Cohort study of natural transmission and two methods for control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection in goats on a California dairy.

A prospective observational cohort study of 361 dairy goat kids was conducted to compare 2 methods of controlling caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection under commercial dairy conditions. To compare effectiveness of feeding kids pasteurized milk vs serologic testing and segregation in addition to pasteurized milk feeding, goats were monitored up to the age of 30 months by use of monthly agar gel immunodiffusion testing. Survival analysis methods were used to determine whether age at seroconversion differed between the 2 groups.

Cystine-containing urinary calculi in dogs: 102 cases (1981-1989).

One hundred and seven cystine-containing urinary calculi from 1 female and 101 male dogs were analyzed. Cystine-containing calculi accounted for 2% (107 of 5,375) of all canine urinary calculi submitted to the urinary stone analysis laboratory from July 1981 through December 1989. Male dogs that formed cystine calculi were compared with 3 other canine populations to determine whether certain breeds were apparently at increased or decreased risk for cystine calculus formation.

Serologic survey for brucellosis in feral swine, wild ruminants, and black bear of California, 1977 to 1989.

A retrospective analysis of brucellosis serologic testing results in eight wildlife species in California from 1977 to 1989 was done. Samples were collected from 5,398 live-captured or hunter-killed animals and tested by combinations of up to six serologic tests for antibodies to Brucella spp. Twenty-three of 611 (3.

20 year follow-up on microinvasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix.

MISC of the cervix is a potentially fatal disease if not properly classified and treated. Strict criteria for diagnosis are required to provide appropriate therapy. It is recommended that a radical approach be considered for those patients in whom the depth of invasion of the carcinoma is greater than 3 mm on cone biopsy and in all cases where vascular invasion is demonstrated.