Towards a flexible and personalised development of veterinarians and veterinary nurses working in a companion animal referral care setting.

In the Netherlands, the demand for veterinarians and veterinary nurses (VNs) working within referral care is rapidly growing and currently exceeds the amount of available board-certified specialists. Simultaneously, a transparent structure to guide training and development and to assess quality of non-specialist veterinarians and VNs working in a referral setting is lacking. In response, we developed learning pathways guided by an entrustable professional activity (EPA) framework and programmatic assessment to support personalised development and competence of veterinarians and VNs working in referral settings.

[Surgical extraction techniques for companion animals].

The extraction of teeth in cats and dogs is a common surgical intervention in veterinary practice. This article describes the correct technical approach to the surgical extraction of dental elements, focussing on the indications, possible complications, and advantages of this technique.