Apicoplast-Resident Processes: Exploiting the Chink in the Armour of Parasites.

The discovery of a relict plastid, also known as an apicoplast (apicomplexan plastid), that houses housekeeping processes and metabolic pathways critical to parasites' survival has prompted increased research on identifying potent inhibitors that can impinge on apicoplast-localised processes. The apicoplast is absent in humans, yet it is proposed to originate from the eukaryote's secondary endosymbiosis of a primary symbiont. This symbiotic relationship provides a favourable microenvironment for metabolic processes such as haem biosynthesis, Fe-S cluster synthesis, isoprenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and housekeeping processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation, distinct from analogous mammalian processes.

Corrigendum to "Toxicopathological, proinflammatory and stress response evaluation of extract in male Wistar rats" [Toxicol. Rep. 8 (2021) 1769-1776].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.

Changes in nutritional, health benefits, and pharmaceutical potential of raw and roasted tropical almond (Terminalia catappa Linn.) nuts from Nigeria.

Tropical almond (Terminalia catappa Linn.) is highly distributed within the tropics, but appears rather underutilized in developing countries like Nigeria. Specifically, relevant information regards the nutritional, health benefits, and pharmaceutical potential of roasted T.

Counteractive role of leaf extract on hematological and coagulation disturbance in Type 2 diabetic rats.

Background And Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of mortality worldwide associated with hyperglycemia-induced hematological aberrations and thromboembolic complications. This study aimed to explore the modulatory effect of leaf aqueous crude extract (TCLE) on hematological and coagulation disturbances in a Type 2 diabetic rat model.

Materials And Methods: High-fat diet streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight TCLE daily for 28 days.

Terminalia catappa aqueous leaf extract reverses insulin resistance, improves glucose transport and activates PI3K/AKT signalling in high fat/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in sub-Saharan Africa has necessitated surveys of antidiabetic medicinal plants. This study assessed the antidiabetic mechanism of Terminalia catappa aqueous leaf extract (TCA) in high fat/low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. T2DM was induced by a combination of high-fat diet and low dose STZ (30 mg/kg bw) and the animals were administered with TCA (400 and 800 mg/kg bw) orally daily for 28 days.

Stage 2 Hypertension and Electrocardiogram Abnormality: Evaluating the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Nigeria.

Introduction: This study evaluated the status of stage 2 hypertension, abnormal ECG and their co-occurrence as possible risk factors of cardiovascular disease and their predictors in a Nigerian University population.

Methods: A total of 717 subjects participated in this study. Blood pressure (BP), resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and other clinical parameters were measured and categorised according to standard organisational guidelines.

Extract Palliates Redox Imbalance and Inflammation in Diabetic Rats by Upregulating Nrf-2 Gene.

This study aims at evaluating the ameliorative role of aqueous leaf extract (TCA) on hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in a high-fat, low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. Experimental rats were treated orally with 400 and 800 mg/kg bw TCA daily for four weeks. Antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma glucose concentration, protein concentration, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers were assayed using standard methods.

Toxicopathological, proinflammatory and stress response evaluation of extract in male Wistar rats.

The present study was carried out to assess the oral safety, proinflammatory and stress response effect of aqueous leaf extract (TCA) in male Wistar rats. The acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of TCA was assessed using guidelines 423 and 407 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), respectively. Signs of clinical toxicity, morbidity and mortality were observed.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mediation by the Disruptive Activity of Environmental Toxicants on Sex Hormone Receptors: In Silico Evaluation.

This study investigates the disruptive activity of environmental toxicants on sex hormone receptors mediating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Toxicokinetics, gene target prediction, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and gene network analysis were applied in silico techniques. From the results, permethrin, perfluorooctanoic acid, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, O-phenylphenol, bisphenol A, and diethylstilbestrol were the active toxic compounds that could modulate androgen (AR) and estrogen-α and -β receptors (ER) to induce T2DM.

Protective Role of Seed Extract in High-Fat High-Fructose-Fed Rats.

is a therapeutic herb used in ethnomedicine for the management of several disease conditions including diabetes. This study examined the potential palliative effect of aqueous seed extract of (APN) on dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and the expression of some metabolic genes in high-fat high-fructose-fed rats. Experimental rats (2 months old) were fed a control diet or a high-fat diet with 25% fructose (HFHF diet) in their drinking water for nine weeks.

Computer-Aided Analysis of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Targets: Identification of Potent Molecules from African Medicinal Plants.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly over the world with no known antiviral therapy or vaccine. Interestingly, traditional Chinese medicine helped in flattening the pandemic curve in China. In this study, molecules from African medicinal plants were analysed as potential candidates against multiple SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets.

Sm. Leaf Extracts Extenuates Free Radicals, Inflammation, and Diabetes-Linked Enzymes.

This study was carried out to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of (Sm.) leaf extracts. Ethanolic (NLE) and aqueous (NLA) extract of leaves were prepared and assessed for their anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant potential, -amylase and -glucosidase inhibitory activities, and the mechanism of enzyme inhibition using standard established methods.

Model Optimization and In Silico Analysis of Potential Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Antagonists from GC-MS Identified Compounds in Leaf Extracts.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a pharmacotherapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. Inhibitors of this enzyme constitute a new class of drugs used in the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes. In this study, phytocompounds in (NL) leaf extracts, identified using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), were tested for potential antagonists of DPP-IV via in silico techniques.

GC-MS Analysis and Inhibitory Evaluation of Leaf Extracts on Major Enzymes Linked to Diabetes.

leaves are used in managing both diabetes mellitus and its complications in Southwest Nigeria. However, its inhibitory activity on enzymes implicated in diabetes is not very clear. This study investigated the inhibitory properties and mode of inhibition of leaf extracts on enzymes associated with diabetes.

Potential Anti-Cancer Flavonoids Isolated From Young Twigs and Leaves: Molecular Docking and In Silico Studies.

Tyrosine kinase (TK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are important cancer therapeutic target proteins. Based on reported anti-cancer and cytotoxic activities of , this study isolated phytochemicals from young twigs and leaves of and identified the interaction between them and cancer target proteins (TK, VEGF, and MMP) in silico. AutoDock Vina, iGEMDOCK, and analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the isolated bioactives as therapeutic molecules were performed.

Data on antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of (Benn.) Benth leaves.

This data article reports on the biochemical activity of ethanolic extract of (Benn.) Benth leaves (ETD) in male Wistar rats at an oral dose of 500-1500 mg/kg daily for 14 days. Control groups were administered distilled water and Vitamin C (10 mg/kg; b.