An Analysis of Sports Specialization in NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletics.

Background: Youth sports specialization has become more prevalent despite consequences such as increased injury rates and burnout. Young athletes, coaches, and parents continue to have misconceptions about the necessity of sports specialization, giving athletes the encouragement to focus on a single sport at a younger age.

Purpose: To characterize the motivations for specialization and determine when elite athletes in various individual and team sports made the decision to specialize.

Short-term outcomes associated with drain use in shoulder arthroplasties: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study examined the immediate outcomes during the perioperative period associated with drains in the setting of total shoulder arthroplasty or reverse shoulder arthroplasty. We hypothesized that drain use would result in lower postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels that would increase transfusion rates and longer hospital stays that would increase hospital costs.

Methods: The study prospectively randomized 100 patients (55% women; average age, 69.

Valgus Extension Overload in Baseball Players.

Repetitive throwing, such as in baseball pitching, applies massive stress on the elbow. This can often lead to a predictable constellation of elbow injuries, such as valgus extension overload syndrome (VEO). The following review of VEO provides an understanding of relevant anatomy, explanation of pathomechanics, key aspects to clinical evaluation, effective treatment options, and indications for surgery.