Symmetry Engineering in a 2D Transition Metal Enables Reconfigurable P- and N-Type FETs.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metals enable the elimination of metal-induced gap states and Fermi-level pinning in field-effect transistors (FETs), offering an advantage over conventional metal contacts. However, transition metal substrates typically exhibit nonoriented behaviors, leading to the inability to achieve monolingual responses with P- or N-type semiconductors. Here we devise symmetry engineering in an oxidized architectural MXene, termed OXene, which implements the exploiting and coupling of additional out-of-plane electron conduction and built-in polar structures.

Placental Pathology and Blood Pressure at Age 7: A Longitudinal Discordant Twin Analysis.

Background: Evidence suggests that the intrauterine environment shapes offspring cardiovascular disease risk. Although placental dysfunction may be an important pathophysiologic pathway, numerous parental and pregnancy characteristics that influence offspring blood pressure are strong confounders of the mechanistic role of the placenta in observational analyses of singletons. Therefore, we leverage twin- and sibling-based comparison designs to determine whether placental pathology is associated with offspring blood pressure at age 7 while mitigating major sources of confounding.

Food Webs and Feedbacks: The Untold Ecological Relevance of Antimicrobial Resistance as Seen in Harmful Algal Blooms.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has long been framed as an epidemiological and public health concern. Its impacts on the environment are unclear. Yet, the basis for AMR is altered cell physiology.

Alcoholic beverage consumption and female breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Alcohol consumption is an established cause of female breast cancer. This systematic review examines in detail the association between alcohol and female breast cancer overall and among the described subgroups, using all of the evidence to date. A systematic review of PubMed and Embase was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Glossiness disrupts predator localisation of moving prey.

Movement is the "enemy of camouflage", but most animals must move to find resources, such as mates, food and shelter. Therefore, strategies that disrupt predator localization or speed perception of moving prey can play a crucial role in prey survival. Shiny or glossy appearances, which are characterised by having a high degree of specular (mirror-like) reflection of incident light, can disrupt predator hunting behaviours towards moving prey.

Positive Correlation Between Fecal Estrogen and Glucocorticoid Metabolites in a Female Clouded Leopard.

Clouded leopards are notoriously difficult to manage under human care due to their tendency toward high stress, intersex aggression, and limited reproductive success. This case study investigated the endocrinological interplay between adrenal and ovarian steroids and describes a positive correlation between concentrations of fecal estrogen and glucocorticoid metabolites in a female clouded leopard. The female was monitored through two sampling periods approximately 16 months apart, and each data set yielded similar results using a simple linear regression model.

Concordance of Chest Radiography and Chest Computed Tomography Findings in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy and Invasive Mucormycosis: What Are the Prognostic Implications?

Invasive pulmonary mucormycosis (IPM) is a deadly opportunistic mold infection in patients with hematological malignancies (HM). Radiologic imaging is essential for its timely diagnosis. Here, we compared IPM lesions visualized by chest computed tomography (CCT) and chest X-ray (CXR) and determined the prognostic significance of discordant imaging.

Effects of visual diet on colour discrimination and preference.

To what extent is perception shaped by low-level statistical regularities of our visual environments and on what time scales? We characterized the chromatic 'visual diets' of people living in remote rainforest and urban environments, using calibrated head-mounted cameras worn by participants as they went about their daily lives. All environments had chromatic distributions with the most variance along a blue-yellow axis, but the extent of this bias differed across locations. If colour perception is calibrated to the visual environments in which participants are immersed, variation in the extent of the bias in scene statistics should have a corresponding impact on perceptual judgements.

Prediction of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy from primary tumour characteristics.

Objectives: To construct and externally calibrate a predictive model for early biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) incorporating clinical and modern imaging characteristics of the primary tumour.

Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent RP following multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate biopsy and prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT), from two centres in Australia and the Netherlands. The primary outcome was biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS), where BCR was defined as a rising PSA level of ≥0.

Conformal printed electronics on flexible substrates and inflatable catheters using lathe-based aerosol jet printing.

With the growth of additive manufacturing (AM), there has been increasing demand for fabricating conformal electronics that directly integrate with larger components to enable unique functionality. However, fabrication of conformal electronics is challenging because devices must merge with host substrates regardless of curvilinearity, topography, or substrate material. In this work, we employ aerosol jet (AJ) printing, an AM method for jet printing electronics using ink-based materials, and a custom-made lathe mechanism for mounting flexible substrates and 3D objects on a rotating axis.

Surveillance of alcohol use through population surveys in the Americas from 2010 to 2019.

Aims: The aims of this study were to identify alcohol-related population surveys administered in the Americas, determine which alcohol-related measures are examined and identify coverage gaps regarding alcohol-related measures.

Methods: As part of the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health study, a systematic search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria to identify regionally or nationally representative survey reports of the general population from 1 January 2010 to 6 August 2019. Alcohol-related measures extracted from surveys were categorized into 10 domains: alcohol consumption status; alcohol consumption; unrecorded alcohol consumption; drinking patterns; symptoms of dependence and/or harmful use; drinking during pregnancy; treatment coverage; second-hand harms; economic; and other.

Cooperative thalamocortical circuit mechanism for sensory prediction errors.

The brain functions as a prediction machine, utilizing an internal model of the world to anticipate sensations and the outcomes of our actions. Discrepancies between expected and actual events, referred to as prediction errors, are leveraged to update the internal model and guide our attention towards unexpected events. Despite the importance of prediction-error signals for various neural computations across the brain, surprisingly little is known about the neural circuit mechanisms responsible for their implementation.

The perceived beauty of art is not strongly calibrated to the statistical regularities of real-world scenes.

Aesthetic judgements are partly predicted by image statistics, although the extent to which they are calibrated to the statistics of real-world scenes and the 'visual diet' of daily life is unclear. Here, we investigated the extent to which the beauty ratings of Western oil paintings from the JenAesthetics dataset can be accounted for by real-world scene statistics. We computed spatial and chromatic image statistics for the paintings and a set of real-world scenes captured by a head-mounted camera as participants went about daily lives.

Association of Opioid Disposal Practices with Parental Education and a Home Opioid Disposal Kit Following Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery.

Background: The majority of opioid analgesics prescribed for pain after ambulatory pediatric surgery remain unused. Most parents do not dispose of these leftover opioids or dispose of them in an unsafe manner. We aimed to evaluate the association of optimal opioid disposal with a multidisciplinary quality improvement (QI) initiative that proactively educated parents about the importance of optimal opioid disposal practices and provided a home opioid disposal kit before discharge after pediatric ambulatory surgery.

Decreased ability to manage increases in reactive oxygen species may underlie susceptibility to arrhythmias in mice lacking .

plays essential roles in the heart, where it encodes β-subunits that serve as modifiers of gene expression, cell surface channel activity, and cardiac conductivity. Reduced β function is linked to electrical instability in various diseases with cardiac manifestations and increased susceptibility to arrhythmias. Recently, we demonstrated that loss of in mice leads to compromised mitochondria energetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Impact of social vulnerability index on severity of obstructive sleep apnea: Insights from drug-induced sleep endoscopy.

Objectives: To examine the association between neighborhood-level social vulnerability on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients undergoing drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).

Study Design: Single center retrospective cohort study.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients >18 years of age that underwent DISE from July 2016 to July 2022.

A scoping review of rule-based clinical decision support malfunctions.

Objective: Conduct a scoping review of research studies that describe rule-based clinical decision support (CDS) malfunctions.

Materials And Methods: In April 2022, we searched three bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase) for literature referencing CDS malfunctions. We coded the identified malfunctions according to an existing CDS malfunction taxonomy and added new categories for factors not already captured.

The role of alcohol control policies in the reversal of alcohol consumption levels and resulting attributable harms in China.

Yearly adult per capita consumption of alcohol in China between 2016 and 2019 decreased by 2.4 L of pure alcohol, or 33%. According to the World Health Organization, this decrease in consumption was accompanied by reductions in alcohol-attributable mortality of 23% between 2015 and 2019.

The mycobacterial glycoside hydrolase LamH enables capsular arabinomannan release and stimulates growth.

Mycobacterial glycolipids are important cell envelope structures that drive host-pathogen interactions. Arguably, the most important are lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its precursor, lipomannan (LM), which are trafficked from the bacterium to the host via unknown mechanisms. Arabinomannan is thought to be a capsular derivative of these molecules, lacking a lipid anchor.

Decreased Alpha Klotho Expression in Placentas Exposed to Severe Maternal Vascular Malperfusion.

Background: Placental maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) is characterized by accelerated villous maturation and has been associated with a decrease in the antiaging protein, alpha-klotho (AK). Our aim was to characterize AK protein and gene expression in the placenta and fetal organs.

Methods: We utilized 2 cohorts.

A one health approach for monitoring antimicrobial resistance: developing a national freshwater pilot effort.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a world-wide public health threat that is projected to lead to 10 million annual deaths globally by 2050. The AMR public health issue has led to the development of action plans to combat AMR, including improved antimicrobial stewardship, development of new antimicrobials, and advanced monitoring. The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) led by the United States (U.

Developmentally dynamic changes in DNA methylation in the human pancreas.

Development of the human pancreas requires the precise temporal control of gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms and the binding of key transcription factors. We quantified genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in human fetal pancreatic samples from donors aged 6 to 21 post-conception weeks. We found dramatic changes in DNA methylation across pancreas development, with > 21% of sites characterized as developmental differentially methylated positions (dDMPs) including many annotated to genes associated with monogenic diabetes.