Involvement of Ral GTPase in v-Src-induced phospholipase D activation.

An early response to the tyrosine kinase activity of v-Src is an increase in phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which leads to the generation of biologically active lipid second messengers, including phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol. We have recently demonstrated that v-Src-induced PLD activity is mediated by Ras, although Ras involvement was indirect, requiring a cytosolic factor for PLD activation. Ras interacts with and activates Ral-GDS, the exchange factor responsible for the activation of Ral GTPases.

Selective activation of protein kinase C isoforms by v-Src.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a gene family consisting of no less than 11 distinct isoforms. In both murine and rat fibroblasts, we detected expression of four PKC isoforms: the conventional PKC alpha, the novel PKCs delta and epsilon, and the atypical PKC zeta. With the conventional and novel PKC isoforms, membrane association has been used to show PKC activation.

Injuries resulting from bicycle collisions.

Objective: To review all bicycle crash-related injuries reported to the Oregon Injury Registry for 1989 to compare patterns of injury and other features in adults vs children and adolescents.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using data from the Oregon Injury Registry. For 1989, this registry included all injury-related deaths and approximately 75% of hospital admissions of 24 hours or more for injury in the State of Oregon.

C5-6 cervical dislocation resulting from improper seat belt use.

Motorists may improperly use the diagonal shoulder belt of newer passive restraint systems by failing to use the lap belt. An unusual case of patient who did not wear a lap belt and who sustained a cervical C5-6 distraction injury resulting in quadriplegia is reported. Emergency physicians should be aware of this injury mechanism and should reinforce proper passive restraint use.

Information technology enters the doctor's office: Part II--Six lessons about intended ... and unintended ... results.

Part I of this article ("Six Design and Implementation Lessons," Physician Executive, Sept.-Oct. 1993, pp.

Information technology enters the doctor's office: Part I--Six design and implementation lessons.

Because of a trend toward increased cost escalation outside of the hospital, in the ambulatory care setting, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company initiated an Ambulatory Utilization Review ("AUR") program in 1986. This is an overview of the lessons learned since that time. Some of what was learned was simply--or not so simply--"how to," the subject of this first article in a two-part series.

Trauma care documentation: a comprehensive guide.

The medical record serves numerous functions. It provides chronologic evidence of patient evaluation, treatment, and response to therapy, and a means to review the quality of the care. Communication among members of the health care team regarding the patient's status and plan of care also occurs by means of the medical record.

Role of the adrenal cortex in gastric mucosal protection by prostaglandins, sulfhydryls, and cimetidine in the rat.

To investigate the possible role of hormones in gastric mucosal protection, the effect of prostaglandin F2 beta, dimercaprol, or cysteamine on ethanol-induced gastric erosions, and of cimetidine on gastric erosions caused by aspirin was studied in intact, adrenalectomized, medullectomized, ovariectomized, or thyroidectomized rats. Cimetidine was administered at a low dose that did not inhibit hydrogen ion secretion. Adrenalectomized animals failed to exhibit the usual mucosal protective response to prostaglandin F2 beta, sulfhydryls, or cimetidine.

Transmural myocardial infarction with normal coronary angiograms and with single vessel coronary obstruction. Clinical-angiographic features and five-year follow-up.

Angiographic, clinical, and five-year follow-up study of 20 cases of myocardial infarction with normal coronary angiograms (MI-NCA) and 20 cases of myocardial infarction with single vessel obstruction (MI-SVO) are presented. MI-SVO patients differed from MI-NCA in being older (53.7 vs 44.

Sulfhydryl compounds may mediate gastric cytoprotection.

Ethanol induces hemorrhagic gastric erosions and causes a dose-dependent decrease in the concentration of nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds in rat gastric mucosa. Sulfhydryl-containing drugs protect rats from ethanol-induced gastric erosions, whereas sulfhydryl blocking agents counteract the mucosal cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin F2 beta. These observations suggest that endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryls may mediate prostaglandin-induced gastric cytoprotection and that sulfhydryl drugs may have potential for preventing or treating hemorrhagic gastric erosions.

[Anterior strut grafting in kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis (author's transl)].

The authors have reviewed 58 cases submitted to strut grafting in the concavity of the curve. There were 44 kyphoscolioses and 12 kyphoses. The average follow-up was more than two years and the average pre-operative deformity was 127 degrees.