Phase II Trial Assessing the Repeatability and Tumor Uptake of [Ga]Ga-HER2 Single-Domain Antibody PET/CT in Patients with Breast Carcinoma.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is used for decision-making in breast carcinoma treatment. The status is obtained through immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization. These two methods have the disadvantage of necessitating tissue sampling, which is prone to error due to tumor heterogeneity or interobserver variability.

Parathyroid adenoma apoplexy mimicking a thyroid bleeding cyst: a seemingly innocent condition that can be life-threatening.

Summary: Primary hyperparathyroidism most commonly presents with hypercalcaemia. Rarely, parathyroid apoplexy or haemorrhage mimicking a thyroid bleeding cyst is the first presentation of a parathyroid adenoma. A woman presented with a sudden-onset painful 'goitre'.

Preoperative imaging for hyperparathyroidism often takes upper parathyroid adenomas for lower adenomas.

We retrospectively evaluated how accurately preoperative imaging localizes parathyroid adenoma in superior versus inferior parathyroids. Over 6 years, 104 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent parathyroid surgery in a single centre. Of these, 103 underwent ultrasound, 97 [Tc]pertechnetate/MIBI SPECT/CT and 30 [F]fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT.

F-FDG PET/CT in Waldenström associated amyloidosis.

Amyloidoisis in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) mostly involves the heart, peripheral nerves and kidneys. Retroperitoneal amyloidosis is a rare finding. We describe a 62-year-old man with an incidental finding of a monoclonal gammopathy and elevated inflammatory parameters.

Retrospective real-life study on preoperative imaging for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism.

The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate preoperative imaging modalities for localization of parathyroid adenomas with a view to enable minimally invasive parathyroidectomy and in particular, to consider the contribution of F-fluorocholine-PET/CT. 104 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent parathyroid surgery in a single centre during a 6-year period were included. Of these, 103 underwent ultrasound, 97 Tc-Pertechnetate/SestaMIBI-SPECT, 20 MRI and 30 F-fluorocholine-PET/CT.

Dual time point imaging in locally advanced head and neck cancer to assess residual nodal disease after chemoradiotherapy.

Background: FDG-PET/CT has a high negative predictive value to detect residual nodal disease in patients with locally advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer after completing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). However, the positive predictive value remains suboptimal due to inflammation after radiotherapy, generating unnecessary further investigations and possibly even surgery. We report the results of a preplanned secondary end point of the ECLYPS study regarding the potential advantages of dual time point FDG-PET/CT imaging (DTPI) in this setting.

Quantitative Effect of Metal Artefact Reduction on CT-based attenuation correction in FDG PET/CT in patients with hip prosthesis.

Background: Metal artefact reduction (MAR) techniques still are in limited use in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). This study aimed to investigate the effect of Smart MAR on quantitative PET analysis in the vicinity of hip prostheses.

Materials And Methods: Activities were measured on PET/CT images in 6 sources with tenfold activity concentration contrast to background, attached to the head, neck and the major trochanter of a human cadaveric femur, and in the same sources in similar locations after a hip prosthesis (titanium cup, ceramic head, chrome-cobalt stem) had been inserted into the femur.

Trends in diagnosis, referral, red flag onset, patient profiles and natural outcome of de novo cardiac amyloidosis and their multidisciplinary implications.

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Effects of growing disease awareness, diagnostic ameliorations and novel treatment options on CA diagnosis and management are scarcely reported.

Objective: To report trends in diagnosis, referral routes, clinical presentation, early onset diagnostic red flags and outcome in de novo CA subjects.

Quantification of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake to detect residual nodal disease in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy: results from the ECLYPS study.

Background: The Hopkins criteria were introduced for nodal response evaluation after therapy in head and neck cancer, but its superiority over quantification is not yet confirmed.

Methods: SUV thresholds and lesion-to-background ratios were explored in a prospective multicenter study of standardized FDG-PET/CT 12 weeks after CRT in newly diagnosed locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) patients (ECLYPS). Reference standard was histology, negative FDG-PET/CT at 12 months after treatment or ≥ 2 years of negative follow-up.

Corpus Cavernosum Abscess Diagnosed on FDG PET/CT.

The utility of PET in septicemia for showing its source and possible metastatic infection has been demonstrated. We describe the diagnosis on PET/CT of a spontaneous corpus cavernosum abscess in a 64-year-old man presenting with Streptococcus constellatus septicemia, in whom the clinical diagnosis had been elusive for 10 days.

Performance characteristics of silicon photomultiplier based 15-cm AFOV TOF PET/CT.

Background: This paper describes the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) system performance of the Discovery MI 3-ring PET/CT (GE Healthcare) installed in Bruges, Belgium. This time-of-flight (TOF) PET camera is based on silicon photomultipliers instead of photomultiplier tubes.

Methods: The NEMA NU2-2012 standard was used to evaluate spatial resolution, sensitivity, image quality (IQ) and count rate curves of the system.

Mesenteric Panniculitis With Lupus Demonstrated on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

We describe the F-FDG PET/CT findings in a rare case of mesenteric panniculitis caused by systemic lupus. A previous CT had raised suspicion of a space-occupying lesion in the left hypochondrium in a context of aspecific constitutional symptoms and inflammatory parameters. The diagnosis of panniculitis was confirmed at laparoscopic biopsy directed by the PET findings.

Bone scan findings in erythromelalgia.

The use of hyaluronic acid nanoshells has been proposed to encapsulate prodrugs and exploit the mechanisms of interactions between living cells, like endocytes or cancer cells and hyaluronic acid, which is a natural component of the extracellular matrix. In this review we describe the potential and the limits of this promising research trend and discuss the theoretical advantages of such an engineering approach. Is it a possible scalability to increase the efficacy and biodegradability of molecules like contrast media and radiotracers especially for neuroradiology and nuclear medicine studies.

Unilaterally Decreased Striatal Dopamine Transporter Caused by Venous Anomaly.

We describe a finding of unilaterally decreased binding of I-ioflupane in the basal ganglia in a 78-year-old woman that could be attributed to an underlying developmental venous anomaly.

Bone scan findings in calcific tendinitis at the gluteus maximus insertion: some illustrative cases.

We describe the bone scan and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography findings in calcific tendinitis of the gluteus maximus and discuss its pathophysiology. Although this tendinopathy is mostly self-limiting, awareness of this disease is important for 2 reasons. First, it may explain acute hip symptoms in patients in the resorptive phase of the calcifications.

PSMA Uptake in Mediastinal Sarcoidosis.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell surface glycoprotein which is frequently overexpressed on prostate cancer cells. Ga-PSMA PET/CT plays an increasing role in prostate cancer management. However, growing evidence suggests increased PSMA uptake in a variety of other malignant tumor entities and in some benign lesions.

Aspecific Uptake of 68GA-PSMA in Paget Disease of the Bone.

Ga-PSMA plays an increasing role in prostate cancer management, but several instances of false positivity have now been recognized. We present a patient with metastatic prostatic carcinoma who also showed overexpression of PSMA in Paget disease of the humerus on Ga-PSMA PET. This probably relates to bone remodeling and increased vascularity.

Incidental finding of silent appendicitis on (18)F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with small cell lung adenocarcinoma.

We report the incidental diagnosis of acute asymptomatic appendicitis on a fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) performed for staging of a non small cell lung carcinoma. The patient was asymptomatic and laboratory tests were normal. The case illustrates: a) the possibility to diagnose appendicitis on (18)F-FDG PET/CT and b) the possibility of silent acute appendicitis, although this is a rare occurrence.

(18)F-FDG PET imaging of granulomatosis with polyangiitis -Wegener's Syndrome.

Objective: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly called Wegener's syndrome, is a vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and may occur in all ages but mostly in order adults. The organs most frequently involved are the ear, nose and throat (rhinitis, sinusitus, oral ulcers, chondritis), the lungs (nodules, sometimes cavitating, infiltrates, hilar adenopathy) and the kidneys (glomerulonephritis). As patients typically present with constitutional symptoms, the diagnosis can be challenging.

(18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

The paper gives an overview of the literature data on uptake of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) into the different tissue lesions which may occur in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly called Wegener's syndrome). It discusses the cellular mechanisms of such (18)F-FDG uptake, which provide a basis for its interpretation in the context of (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) for inflammatory conditions.

IgG4-related disease: The utility of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic mass-forming fibro-inflammatory condition which can affect nearly every organ system. Its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, but affected tissues are characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells which cause chronic inflammation, storiform fibrosis and phlebitis. These findings on histopathological specimens are considered the gold standard for the diagnosis.

Correlative bone imaging in a case of Schnitzler's syndrome and brief review of the literature.

Unlabelled: Schnitzler's syndrome is a rare disease characterized by a monoclonal IgM (or IgG) paraprotein, a nonpruritic urticarial skin rash, and 2 (or 3) of the following: recurrent fever, objective signs of abnormal bone remodeling, elevated CRP level or leukocytosis, and a neutrophilic infiltrate on skin biopsy. It responds well to treatment with the interleukine-1-inhibitor anakinra. We report the bone scintigraphy and MRI findings in a 45 years old man with this syndrome and compare them with data from the literature.