Congenital Cytomegalovirus Testing Outcomes From the ValEAR Trial.

Objective: To determine the positivity rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) testing among universal, hearing-targeted CMV testing (HT-cCMV) and delayed targeted dried blood spot (DBS) testing newborn screening programs, and to examine the characteristics of successful HT-cCMV testing programs.

Study Design: Prospective survey of birth hospitals performing early CMV testing.

Setting: Multiple institutions.

Electrode array positioning after cochlear reimplantation from single manufacturer.

Objective: To investigate whether revision surgery with the same device results in a change in three key indicators of electrode positioning: scalar location, mean modiolar distance (), and angular insertion depth (AID).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cochlear implant database at a university-based tertiary medical center. Intra-operative CT scans were obtained after initial and revision implantation.

Cochlear Implantation in Very Young Children With Single-Sided Deafness.

Objective: Cochlear implants (CIs) for single-sided deafness (SSD) have only been approved for patients 5 years and older despite data supporting that younger children can also benefit from implantation. This study describes our institution's experience with CI for SSD in children 5 years and younger.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Pediatric Salivary Gland Tumors: Analysis of Patient Tolerability, Sedation Requirement, and Procedural Complication.

Objective: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool recommended by consensus management guidelines for preoperative evaluation of salivary gland tumors in adults. However, its utility in the pediatric population remains debated due to a paucity of data and inherited challenges of pediatric management (patient cooperation, the need for sedation, and procedural complications).

Methods: Consecutive series of 92 FNA biopsies of pediatric salivary gland lesions with available procedural data were included for retrospective analysis.

Persistent mass after treatment for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose: To report a case of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma and highlight the treatment approach to the dilemma of a residual mass.

Observations: An eleven-year-old boy was diagnosed with Stage 1, Group III embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the orbit. After completing a 24-week treatment regimen of chemotherapy and radiation, imaging showed a large persistent mass with erosion through the medial wall.

Cystic Fibrosis Foundation otolaryngology care multidisciplinary consensus recommendations.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease that often requires otolaryngology care. Individuals with CF commonly have chronic rhinosinusitis but also present with hearing loss and dysphonia. Given these manifestations of CF, otolaryngologists are frequently involved in the care of patients with CF; however, there is limited consensus on optimal management of sinonasal, otologic, and laryngologic symptoms.

Prevalence, variability, and predictors of sinus surgery in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis is common among individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and has an impact on quality of life. Sinus surgery is a treatment option, but minimal literature exists regarding prevalence and indications.

Methods: Using the linked CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) - Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database, we investigated variability in receipt of surgery, predictors of surgery, and time to first surgery.

Genetic and Non-genetic Workup for Pediatric Congenital Hearing Loss.

Hearing loss is one of the most common concerns for presentation for a geneticist. Presentation prior to the age of one (congenital hearing loss), profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and bilateral hearing loss are sensitive and should raise concern for genetic causes of hearing loss and prompt referral for genetic testing. Genetic testing particularly in this instance offers the opportunity for anticipatory guidance including possible course of the hearing loss over time and also connection and evaluation for additional congenital anomalies that may be associated with an underlying syndrome vs.

Application of the Milan System for Reporting Pediatric Salivary Gland Cytopathology: Analysis of histologic follow-up, risk of malignancy, and diagnostic accuracy.

Background: The diagnosis and management of salivary gland tumors in pediatric patients can be challenging. The utility of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytopathology and the performance of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) in this age group have not been systematically assessed. The paucity of data has contributed to the controversial role of FNA cytopathology in the presurgical management of these patients.

Pediatric Otolaryngology Telehealth in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Impact on the Future Management of Pediatric Patients.

Background: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic outpatient medicine has drastically been altered how it is delivered. This time period likely represents the largest volume of telehealth visits in the United States health care history. Telehealth presents unique challenges within each subspecialty, and pediatric otolaryngology is no different.

Working towards consensus in the management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis.

Objective: The prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), defined by mucosal thickening on imaging, approaches 100% in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population. CRS is associated with significant morbidity in CF, including its ability to trigger pulmonary exacerbations. CRS in CF is typically managed by pediatricians, otolaryngologists and pulmonologists.

Ophthalmologic Abnormalities in Children with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

To review a single center experience with the diagnosis of visual impairment in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and propose a diagnostic algorithm. Retrospective study of patients with SNHL who were diagnosed with ophthalmologic abnormalities in the course of evaluation. University children's hospital and university-associated eye institute.

Chronic rhino-sinusitis treatment in children with cystic fibrosis: A cross-sectional survey of pediatric pulmonologists and otolaryngologists.

Objectives: Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a high incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS); however, no clinical care guidelines currently exist for the management of CRS in these patients. As a result, there is variation in the treatment of CRS in children, especially when it comes to the frequency of surgery for nasal polyposis.

Methods: A 28-question survey was sent to pediatric otolaryngologists (POs) and pulmonologists (PPs) who care for pediatric CF patients.

The Role of the Adenoids in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

There are several mechanisms by which the adenoids contribute to pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (PCRS), particularly with children aged 12 years and younger. Understanding the role that the adenoids play in PCRS is crucial when attempting to treat these patients. A literature review was performed to address this problem and provide information surrounding this topic.

Update on sinus disease in children with cystic fibrosis: advances in treatment modalities, microbiology, and health-related quality-of-life instruments.

Purpose Of Review: There is a lack of consensus with regards to the diagnosis and treatment of sinus disease in children with cystic fibrosis. Here, we review literature from the past 18 months in order to highlight the way forward in this contentious field.

Recent Findings: Most of the literature (from the past 18 months) on sinus disease in pediatric cystic fibrosis focused on treatment approaches, bacteriology and immunology, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instruments.

Tympanic Membrane Perforation Repair Using Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosal Grafting.

Objective: To evaluate the use of porcine small intestinal submucosal grafts for tympanic membrane repair.

Patients: Adult and pediatric patients with tympanic membrane perforations with and without chronic otitits media, and perforations after removal of cholesteatoma.

Intervention: Endoscopic or microscopic tympanic membrane repair using porcine small intestinal submucosal grafts (Biodesign).

Nasal saline irrigation in pediatric rhinosinusitis: A systematic review.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of nasal saline irrigation (NSI) in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in pediatric patients with acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS) rhinosinusitis.

Data Sources: We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase electronic databases (indexed January, 1950 through April, 2017).

Review Methods: Studies assessing the efficacy of NSI in pediatric patients with ARS or CRS were selected for analysis.

Evaluating the sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey in the pediatric cystic fibrosis patient population.

Introduction: The Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) is a validated quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for chronic rhinosinusitis in patients age 2-12. Its utility in the cystic fibrosis (CF) has been studied, but not yet validated. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the SN-5 for evaluation of sinonasal symptoms in the pediatric CF population.

Clinical chronic rhinosinusitis outcomes in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis are common conditions in cystic fibrosis (CF). Approximately 2-3% of pediatric CF patients per year have sinus disease requiring surgery. It has been well established that there is a significant negative impact on quality of life associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the non-CF patient population.

Pediatric post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in the setting of post-transplantation immunosuppression.

Introduction: Long-term immunosuppressants form an integral part of therapy for post-transplantation patients. Immunosuppressants may also have an anticoagulant effect, and little is known about their effects on bleeding risk after adenotonsillectomy. Our objective was to investigate whether there is an increased observed rate of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in a population of pediatric patients on long-term immunosuppressants after solid organ transplantation, compared to healthy controls.

Characteristics of superior orbital subperiosteal abscesses in children.

Objectives/hypothesis: Superior pediatric orbital subperiosteal abscesses (SPAs) are less common than medial ones, and clinical features specific to patients with superior SPAs have not been well defined. Clinical characteristics between patients with superior and medial SPAs are compared to determine whether superior location is a risk factor for surgical intervention.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Surgical Approaches to First Branchial Cleft Anomaly Excision: A Case Series.

Objectives. First branchial cleft anomalies (BCAs) constitute a rare entity with variable clinical presentations and anatomic findings. Given the high rate of recurrence with incomplete excision, identification of the entire tract during surgical treatment is of paramount importance.

Inter-hospital variation in the frequency of sinus surgery in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis are common conditions in cystic fibrosis (CF). Approximately 2-3% of pediatric CF patients per year have sinus disease requiring surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variation of sinus surgery rates in pediatric CF patients across multiple US pediatric hospitals.