Methodology for the development of National Multidisciplinary Management Recommendations using a multi-stage meta-consensus initiative.

Background: Methods for developing national recommendations vary widely. The successful adoption of new guidance into routine practice is dependent on buy-in from the clinicians delivering day-to-day patient care and must be considerate of existing resource constraints, as well as being aspirational in its scope. This initiative aimed to produce guidelines for the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCCUP) using a novel methodology to maximise the likelihood of national adoption.

Body shape and stable employment opportunity analysis of China's nonagricultural labor market.

Based on the integrated data of the China General Social Survey (CGSS) from 2010 to 2017, this study observes that body shape - being overweight or underweight - is important for labor market outcomes. Body shape significantly affects the employment opportunities of Chinese individuals, and this effect differs by gender and across the occupational hierarchy. Women face both slim premium and obesity penalty effects.

Does Time Fly When You Are Having Fun? A Day Reconstruction Method Analysis.

Duration-based measures of happiness from retrospectively constructed daily diaries are gaining in popularity in population-based studies of the hedonic experience. Yet experimental evidence suggests that perceptions of duration - how long an event lasts - are influenced by individuals' emotional experiences during the event. An important remaining question is whether observational measures of duration outside the laboratory setting, where the events under study are engaged in voluntarily, may be similarly affected, and if so, for which emotions are duration biases a potential concern.

Measuring Time Use of Older Couples: Lessons from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

Time diaries are a well established method for providing population estimates of the amount of time and types of activities respondents carry out over the course of a full day. This paper focuses on a computer assisted telephone application developed to collect multiple, same-day 24-hour diaries from older couples who participated in the 2009 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We present selected findings from developmental and field activities, highlighting methods for three diary enhancements: 1) implementation of a multiple, same-day diary design; 2) minimizing erroneous reporting of sequential activities as simultaneous; and 3) tailoring activity descriptors (or "follow-up" questions) that depend on a pre-coded activity value.

Disability, participation, and subjective wellbeing among older couples.

This paper investigates the link between disability and subjective wellbeing, using data from the 2009 Disability and Use of Time supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the longest running national panel study in the United States. Disability is construed broadly to include both the presence of any physical, cognitive, or sensory impairment or activity limitation and also the severity of underlying impairments. Subjective wellbeing is measured using two distinct approaches: reports of life satisfaction and of moment-to-moment wellbeing-both positive and negative-on the previous day.

Shaping Health Behavior across Generations: Evidence from Time Use data in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its Supplements.

This paper examines ways that families use time to shape their children's health behaviors. Specifically, it explores ways that parents can prepare children to make health-enhancing choices as adults. It also analyzes ways that offspring manage their time during young adulthood, when they are old enough to make independent decisions about whether they will spend their time producing health, as the Grossman model argues that individuals can do (Grossman 2000).

Assessing Time Diary Quality for Older Couples: An Analysis of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics' Disability and Use of Time (DUST) Supplement.

Using same-day diaries from 394 older couples in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), this paper develops and explores several new measures of diary quality. Two overarching questions are explored: 1) How do diary quality measures reflecting the data collection process enhance understanding of time use in later life? and 2) How well do same-day diaries from couples match up in terms of husbands' and wives' reports of time spent (actively engaged) together? We found a summary measure of diary quality indicated only 13.8% of diaries were lower quality.

Pension Participation: Do Parents Transmit Time Preference?

A wide range of economic and health behaviors are influenced by individuals' attitudes toward the future - including investments in human capital, health capital and financial capital. Intergenerational correlations in such behaviors suggest an important role the family may play in transmitting time preferences to children. This article presents a model of parental investment in future-oriented capital, where parents shape their children's time preference rates.

Estimating Intergenerational Persistence of Lifetime Earnings with Life Course Matching: Evidence from PSID.

Why do estimates of the intergenerational persistence in earnings vary so much for the United States? Recent research suggests that life-cycle bias may be a major factor (Haider and Solon 2006; Grawe 2006). In this paper we estimate the intergenerational correlation in lifetime earnings by using sons' and fathers' earnings at similar ages in order to account for lifecycle bias. Our estimate based on earnings measured at 35-44 for both fathers and sons is similar to that for the age range 45-54.

The Wage Effects of Personal Smoking History.

Why do we observe a wage differential between smokers and non-smokers? Pooling reports of current and prior smoking activity across 15 years from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) allows the reconstruction of individual smoking histories. Dividing the sample into smoking history groups, the four largest of which are: , , , and reveals that there is no observed wage gap between former smokers and those who have never smoked. There is, however, a wage gap between those smokers who will continue smoking and three other groups of individuals: (1) those smokers who will quit smoking in the future, (2) those smokers who have quit smoking already, and (3) those who never smoked.

Grandparental and parental obesity influences on childhood overweight: implications for primary care practice.

Background: Community-based studies have suggested a multigenerational pattern of obesity affecting children's risk of overweight, but no national data have substantiated such a pattern. Our objective was to examine the prevalence of overweight [body mass index (BMI) >or=95th percentile for age and sex] among children aged 5 to 19 in a national sample, stratified by the obesity status of their parents and grandparents.

Methods: We used a secondary analysis of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Child Development Supplement, a multigenerational, genealogical, prospective cohort study of the US population.

Laser debulking in malignant upper airway obstruction.

Background: The conventional treatment for patients with upper airway obstruction secondary to malignancy is a tracheostomy. Although this effectively resolves the problem, a tracheostomy can be associated with complications and is irreversible in most patients. An alternative is to debulk part of the tumor causing airway obstruction to maintain the airway until the definitive procedure.

Current indications and complications of tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration after laryngectomy.

Surgical voice restoration by valved tracheoesophageal fistula is undoubtedly the most successful method of voice restoration for laryngectomy patients, is one of the most important developments in head and neck surgery, and has resulted in a greatly enhanced quality of life for most patients who have undergone this debilitating procedure. In developed countries, it is now unacceptable to perform laryngectomy without giving patients the opportunity to undergo surgical voice restoration. Successful voice acquisition should be achievable in approximately 80% of patients.