Efficient preliminary floating offshore wind turbine design and testing methodologies and application to a concrete spar design.

The current key challenge in the floating offshore wind turbine industry and research is on designing economic floating systems that can compete with fixed-bottom offshore turbines in terms of levelized cost of energy. The preliminary platform design, as well as early experimental design assessments, are critical elements in the overall design process. In this contribution, a brief review of current floating offshore wind turbine platform pre-design and scaled testing methodologies is provided, with a focus on their ability to accommodate the coupled dynamic behaviour of floating offshore wind systems.

Metabolism of 1,8-cineole by human cytochrome P450 enzymes: identification of a new hydroxylated metabolite.

Human metabolism of the monoterpene cyclic ether 1,8-cineole was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the biotransformation of 1,8-cineole was investigated by human liver microsomes and by recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes coexpressed with human CYP-reductase in Escherichia coli cells. Besides the already described metabolite 2alpha-hydroxy-1,8-cineole we found another metabolite produced at high rates.

Sensitive biomonitoring of monoterpene exposure by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric measurement of hydroxy terpenes in urine.

A gas chromatographic method with mass selective detection was developed which enables the simultaneous determination of the urinary hydroxy terpenes cis-verbenol, alpha-terpineol, myrtenol, carveol, perillyl alcohol and trans-sobrerol. The sample preparation consisted of enzymatic hydrolysis, solid phase extraction (SPE) with RP-C(18) SPE material and clean up with silica gel cartridges. Large volume injection was used and the mass selective detection was done in the single ion modus.

Sensitive indoor air monitoring of monoterpenes using different adsorbents and thermal desorption gas chromatography with mass-selective detection.

A simple method using active trapping on adsorbents and thermal desorption followed by GC-MS analysis was developed for the indoor air monitoring of monoterpenes. The study was carried out using a dynamically generated atmosphere consisting of 11 monoterpenes: camphene, camphor, delta 3-carene, 1,8-cineol, limonene, linalool, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, fenchyl alcohol. The influence of the different adsorbents Tenax TA, Tenax GR, Carbosieve SIII, Chromosorb 106 on the yield of six selected monoterpenes at indoor air concentrations was studied.