Assessment of In-Office Tympanostomy Tube Insertion Tolerability in Children Under 2 Years.

In-office tympanostomy tube insertion (TTI) is becoming more available in the practice of pediatric otolaryngology. This study evaluated the tolerability of this procedure in young children. Four methods were used to assess tolerability.

In-office insertion tympanostomy tubes in children using single-pass device.

Objectives: Insertion of tympanostomy tubes (TT) is generally accomplished in children in the operating room under general anesthesia. We report on 229 children treated in-office with a novel device.

Methods: Investigators participated in an IRB-approved, prospective, single arm, multisite investigation of in-office TT placement in awake children.

Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children Using a Single-Pass Tool with Moderate Sedation.

Insertion of tympanostomy tubes is a common elective pediatric surgical procedure and is typically performed under general anesthesia. The potential to reduce general anesthetic requirements for young children has led to increased interest in alternatives for tympanostomy tube placement. A tympanostomy tube system, developed to enable tympanostomy tube placement in a single pass on conscious patients under moderate sedation, was evaluated.

Postoperative facial nerve function in pediatric parotidectomy: a 12-year review.

Objective: To analyze the incidence of postparotidectomy facial nerve dysfunction in pediatric patients and to evaluate the association between patient demographics or underlying pathology and functional outcomes.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary-care pediatric hospital.

Predicting surgical outcomes in pediatric cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis.

Objectives: We examined surgical outcomes in children with cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis and attempted to identify predictors of complications.

Methods: A retrospective chart review from 2 tertiary pediatric centers was used to identify .11 presentation or operative variables (age at surgery, gender, symptom duration, pain, violaceous skin changes, skin breakdown, fluctuance, purified protein derivative positivity, operative procedure, use of nerve integrity monitoring, and use of skin flap advancement) and to compare these to 5 postoperative complications (facial nerve dysfunction [paresis or paralysis], poor scarring, recurrence, wound infection, and wound dehiscence without infection).

Effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on pulmonary status of adults with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) provides symptomatic relief of sinus disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but it is unclear whether it has beneficial effects on lung disease in this population. This study assessed the effect of FESS on the respiratory status of adult patients with CF.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Symptom timeline preceding cochlear implant failure: an institutional experience.

Objective: Review cochlear explants and determine the incidence of device and medical failures and develop a pattern of symptoms indicating probable implant failure.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Balloon catheter sinuplasty in young children.

Background: Balloon catheter sinuplasty (BCS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was found to be successful in adults. The safety and feasibility of BCS in children has been recently established. The purpose of this study was to study the outcome of this technology in CRS in children.

Balloon catheter sinuplasty in young children.

Background: Balloon catheter sinuplasty (BCS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was found to be successful in adults. The safety and feasibility of BCS in children has been recently established. The purpose of this study was to study the outcome of this technology in CRS in children.

Differential deposition of aerosols in the maxillary sinus of human cadavers by particle size.

Background: Topical delivery of nebulized antibiotics to the paranasal sinuses has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with chronic sinus disease after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The most efficient method for delivering nebulized particles to the sinuses, however, has not been established. This study investigates how the size of nebulized particles influences the efficiency of deposition in the maxillary sinus of human cadavers after FESS.

Cochlear implantation in infants less than 12 months of age.

Objective: Infants are diagnosed with severe to profound hearing loss at an earlier age due to the advent of universal newborn hearing screening. This offers the opportunity to provide intervention in the form of cochlear implantation at an earlier age than was previously possible. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the risk of cochlear implant surgery in children less than 12 months of age.

Infectious complications in pediatric cochlear implants.

Objectives: Infectious complications may cause significant delay in cochlear implant device initiation and programming and be a source of additional morbidity. We reviewed our experience with infectious complications in the pediatric age group to determine specific sources that may not be seen in adults.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis from a single implant center.

Deposition of aerosolized particles in the maxillary sinuses before and after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Recent studies suggest that topical therapy is beneficial in many conditions underlying chronic sinusitis. Current literature has documented low aerosolized particle deposition efficiency into the paranasal sinuses. Mathematical modeling suggests that three factors influence the deposition efficiency: particle size, pressure gradient, and size of the sinus ostium.

Mandibular distraction to relieve airway obstruction in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of distraction osteogenesis of the mandible for relief of airway obstruction in neurologically impaired children.

Design: Prospective pilot study.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Effective treatment of alpha-mannosidosis by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objectives: To study the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for ameliorating the clinical manifestations of alpha-mannosidosis.

Study Design: Four patients with alpha-mannosidosis underwent allogeneic HCT at the University of Minnesota. Diagnosis was established by assay of leukocyte alpha-mannosidase activity level.

Expression of mucins in mucoid otitis media.

A hallmark of mucoid otitis media (MOM, i.e., chronic otitis media with mucoid effusion) is mucus accumulation in the middle ear cavity, a condition that impairs transduction of sounds in the ear and causes hearing loss.

Diagnosis and management of pulmonary metastasis from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Objective: We sought to review the current and proposed management, as well as bring about discussion, of managing the patient with distal tracheal and pulmonary parenchymal involvement by recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).

Design, Setting, And Patients: We conducted a review of 6 patients with pulmonary metastasis from RRP at 3 academic tertiary care hospitals. Interventions included surgical and medical management with antiviral, chemotherapeutic, and/or immune-modulating agents.

Effects of exogenous interferon gamma on patients with treatment-resistant chronic rhinosinusitis and dysregulated interferon gamma production: a pilot study.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exogenous interferon gamma treatment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and evidence of aberrant production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and its regulatory cytokines.

Methods: Ten patients with treatment-resistant chronic rhinosinusitis (4 males and 6 females) treated with exogenous interferon gamma (50 micro g/m2) were retrospectively evaluated by assessing clinical outcomes compared with clinical and laboratory findings before interferon gamma treatment.

Results: Dysregulated IFN-gamma production was suspected to be characterized by (1) decreased interleukin 12 production (n = 1), (2) defects in interleukin 12 receptor signaling (n = 4), (3) intrinsic defects in interleukin 12 (n = 4), and (4) decreased IFN-gamma production.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of human cochlea.

Objectives: High-resolution MRI (MRI) of human inner ear structures provides several advantages over other imaging modalities. High-resolution visualization of inner ear ultrastructure in a noninvasive manner may provide important information about inner ear disease that is not obtainable in other ways. The study was performed to demonstrate the capabilities of MRI at high resolution on the human cochlea, vestibular structures, and facial nerve.

Spontaneous tracheal and subglottic tears in neonates.

Objectives/hypothesis: Spontaneous rupture of the trachea or subglottis as a complication of difficult delivery has not been reported in the United States literature. There have been a few cases reported in the European literature. The present report describes a series of newborns with this complication and discusses the signs and treatment options of this difficult, life-threatening problem.

Cine magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of focal tracheomalacia: innominate artery compression syndrome.

Background: The contribution of an 'aberrant innominate artery' to respiratory distress syndromes has been a matter of debate nearly since the introduction of this concept. Recent advances in dynamic imaging are proving to be of value in assessing tracheal function in patients with respiratory distress. We therefore evaluated patients with innominate artery compression syndrome using the cine magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) modality.

Transtracheal oxygen catheters in a pediatric population.

This is the first report to evaluate transtracheal oxygen catheter (TTOC) use in a pediatric patient series. Seven pediatric patients (4 boys and 3 girls) received TTOCs in 2 tertiary care medical centers. The medical indications included bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 4 patients and tracheomalacia in the other 3.