Novel Piperidine and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole Alkaloids from Tilia platyphyllos and Tilia cordata Flowers.

Lime flowers, traditionally used for medical purposes for the treatment of symptoms of the common cold and mental stress, consist of the dried inflorescences including the floral bracts of , or mixtures thereof. During phytochemical investigations, 6 different alkaloids - not described until now - were detected in and flowers. They have been isolated and characterized as alkaloids with a dihydro-pyrrole and a piperidine substructure, respectively.

Multistep Analysis of Diol-LC-ESI-HRMS Data Reveals Proanthocyanidin Composition of Complex Plant Extracts (PAComics).

Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are complex oligomeric or polymeric phenolic biopolymers composed of flavan-3-ol building blocks. PACs exert manifold functional bioactivities and are assessed as bioactive ingredients in a variety of food products, beverages, medicinal plants, and phytopharmaceuticals. Although analytical methods for PACs with low degree of polymerization (DP) are well established, a lack of methods for the detailed analysis of higher oligomers and polymers from complex plant extracts is obvious.

Isoflavonoids with inhibiting effects on human hyaluronidase-1 and norneolignan clitorienolactone B from Ononis spinosa L. root extract.

Human hyaluronidase-1 (Hyal-1) is one of the main enzymes in the homeostasis of hyaluronic acid (HA), the main polysaccharide of extracellular matrix. Development of specific Hyal-1 inhibitors might be a promising target for improved wound healing, tissue regeneration, and looking at renal function for diuresis. By using surface-displayed Hyal-1 on Escherichia coli F470 cells, HA as substrate and stains-all method for quantification of undegraded HA, the respective enzyme activity can be determined easily.

Flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins from Limonium brasiliense inhibit the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to epithelial host cells by interaction with gingipains.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a pathogen strongly involved in chronic and aggressive forms of periodontitis. Natural products, mainly polyphenols, have been described for advanced treatment of periodontitis by inhibition of the bacterial adhesion of P. gingivalis to the epithelial host cells.

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization of Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw.

The upper aerial parts and leaf tips of Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw. (Myrothamnaceae), a resurrection plant indigenous to southern Africa, are used in African traditional medicine for infections of the respiratory and urinary system as well as for inflammation of mucosa and skin. Within a phytochemical investigation of the herbal material from M.

Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of a Leaf Extract from Combretum mucronatum with Anthelmintic Activity: Oligomeric Procyanidins as the Active Principle.

Combretum mucronatum Schumach. & Thonn. is a medicinal plant widely used in West African traditional medicine for wound healing and the treatment of helminth infections.

Salix daphnoides: A Screening for Oligomeric and Polymeric Proanthocyanidins.

In the present study, a qualitative analysis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) from an aqueous-methanolic extract of Salix daphnoides VILL. bark is described. Procyanidin B1 (1), B2 (2), B3 (3), B4 (4), C1 (5), epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin (6) and epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin (7) have been isolated by a combination of different chromatographic separations on Sephadex® LH-20-, MCI®-, Diol-and RP-18-phases.

Traditionally used medicinal plants against uncomplicated urinary tract infections: Are unusual, flavan-4-ol- and derhamnosylmaysin derivatives responsible for the antiadhesive activity of extracts obtained from stigmata of Zea mays L. against uropathogenic E. coli and Benzethonium chloride as frequent contaminant faking potential antibacterial activities?

The dried stigmata from Zea mays L. are used traditionally for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. A recent screening has indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of the herbal material inhibits the adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to T24 bladder cells.

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives Obtained from a Commercial Crataegus Extract and from Authentic Crataegus spp.

Eleven hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were isolated from a 70% methanolic Crataegus extract (Crataegi folium cum flore) and partly verified and quantified for individual Crataegus species (C. laevigata, C. monogyna, C.

Isolation and Quantification of Oligomeric and Polymeric Procyanidins in the Aerial Parts of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum).

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) constitute a class of oligomeric and polymeric polyphenols with flavan-3-ols as monomeric building blocks. Despite the high impact of proanthocyanidins, these polyphenols are mostly quantified by colorimetric methods or by chromatographic determination of the flavan-3-ols as cleavage products or low molecular oligomers as lead compounds. For St.

Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Euphorbia ammak Growing in Saudi Arabia.

Investigation of the chloroform extract of Euphorbia ammak leaves led to the isolation of three compounds: euphol (1), α-glutinol (2) and stigmasterol (3) Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, as well as by comparison with the reported data. Compounds 1-3 exhibited cytotoxicity in vitro against human cervical adenocarcinoma (Hela), among which, compound 1 showed the best activity.

Hydrolyzable tannins from hydroalcoholic extract from Poincianella pluviosa stem bark and its wound-healing properties: phytochemical investigations and influence on in vitro cell physiology of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.

Extracts from Poincianella pluviosa stem bark are used in traditional medicine of South America for its wound healing properties. For validation of this traditional use and for rationalizing a potential pharmaceutical development towards standardized preparations bioassay-guided fractionation of EtOH-water (1:1v/v) extract (crude extract, CE) of P. pluviosa bark was performed.

Concentrated green tea extract induces severe acute hepatitis in a 63-year-old woman--a case report with pharmaceutical analysis.

Unlabelled: ETNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The popularity of concentrated green tea extracts as dietary supplements for a wide range of applications is increasing due to their health-promoting effects attributed to the high amounts of catechins they contain. The most important of the green tea catechins is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG). While their beneficiary effects have been studied extensively, a small number of adverse events have been reported in the medical literature.

Wound-healing plants from TCM: in vitro investigations on selected TCM plants and their influence on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes.

Wound-healing plants from Traditional Chinese Medicine and described for wound healing in the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (2005 ed.) were investigated by in vitro bioassay on human skin cells. Therefore water and EtOH-water extracts (6:4, v/v) from 12 plants were tested on human primary dermal fibroblasts (pNHDF) and human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line by quantification of cell viability (MTT assay) and cellular proliferation (BrdU incorporation ELISA).

Antiadhesion as a functional concept for protection against uropathogenic Escherichia coli: in vitro studies with traditionally used plants with antiadhesive activity against uropathognic Escherichia coli.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Investigation of medicinal plant extracts traditionally used against uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) and identification of antiadhesive effects under in vitro conditions against binding of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) on bladder cell surface.

Materials And Methods: Literature search on traditionally used medicinal plants for UTI was performed by online data bases and standard herbal monographs. For further identification shortlisting was done by intensive evaluation of results by plausibility and phytochemical aspects.

Phenylpropanoid-substituted procyanidins and tentatively identified procyanidin glycosides from hawthorn (Crataegus spp.).

The rational use of hawthorn leafs and flowers from Crataegus spp. for declining cardiac performance is mainly due to flavon-C-glycosides and oligomeric procyanidins (OPC). From OPC-enriched extracts from different batches, a dimeric phenylpropanoid-substituted procyanidin (cinchonain II b, 1) was isolated and characterized by MS, CD, and NMR.

Eupatorium perfoliatum L.: phytochemistry, traditional use and current applications.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Eupatorium perfoliatum L. originates from North America, where it has been widely used since centuries by native Indians. Additionally extracts are used also in Europe as immunostimulating agent for treatment of fever and cold.

Ellagitannins from Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell.: Geraniin and furosin stimulate cellular activity, differentiation and collagen synthesis of human skin keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.

Leaves from Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. are traditionally used for wound healing in Western Africa. Aqueous extracts of dried leaves recently have been shown to stimulate proliferation of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.

Phytochemical characterization of Rhododendron ferrugineum and in vitro assessment of an aqueous extract on cell toxicity.

Within a systematic phytochemical investigation of the leaves of RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM L. (Ericaceae), the volatile oil was isolated (0.7 %) and its constituents were characterized.

Cinchonain Ib isolated from Eriobotrya japonica induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo.

Aims Of The Study: Eriobotrya japonica leaves had been used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by immersing the dried leaves in a hot water drink. Few studies have shown the hypoglycemic effect of Eriobotrya japonica using crude alcoholic extract and isolated methanolic compounds. These studies proposed that the mechanism of action could be by stimulating the beta-islets of Langerhans to secrete insulin, however with no scientific evidence.

Caffeic acid derivatives from Eupatorium perfoliatum L.

From the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of a methanol/water extract of the herb Eupatorium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae) six caffeic acid derivatives have been isolated and identified by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. Besides the common quinic acid derivatives 5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid), 3-caffeoylquinic acid (neochlorogenic acid) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, three up to now unknown depsides of caffeic acid with glucaric acid have been isolated: 2,5-dicaffeoylglucaric acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylglucaric acid, and 2,4- or 3,5-dicaffeoylglucaric acid.

Procyanidins from Myrothamnus flabellifolia.

From the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of an acetone-water extract of the twig tips of Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw. (Myrothamnaceae), a variety of flavan-3-ols (epicatechin, epigallocatechin and their 3-O-galloylated analogues) and procyanidins (DP 8)-catechin], B4 [catechin-(4alpha --> 8)-epicatechin], B6 [catechin-(4alpha --> 6)-catechin] and catechin-(4alpha --> 8)-epigallocatechin along with the galloylated analogues B4-3'-O-gallate, procyanidin B2-3'-O-gallate [epicatechin-(4beta --> 8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate], B2-3,3'-di-O-gallate, procyanidin B5-3,3'-O-gallate [epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4beta --> 6)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate], catechin-(4alpha --> 8)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, the trimer procyanidin C1-3''-O-gallate[epicatechin-(4beta --> 8)-epicatechin-(4beta --> 8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate] and the new epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4beta --> 6)-epicatechin-3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate. The structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments of their peracetylated derivatives, partial acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol, ESI-MS and CD spectra.

N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine oligosaccharides induce mucin secretion from colonic tissue and induce differentiation of human keratinocytes.

Chitin oligosaccharides (DP2, DP3, DP4, DP5 and DP7) were investigated for their effects on epithelial cells and tissue (skin keratinocytes in-vitro and ex-vivo, and gastrointestinal epithelial membranes exvivo). Oligomers DP2, DP3 and DP5 at 10microg mL(-1) significantly stimulated the mitochondrial activity of cultured keratinocytes in-vitro (primary cells and HaCaT cell line), with highest activity observed for the pentamer (150% of untreated control). The effects were dose dependent.

Antioxidant oligomeric proanthocyanidins from Cistus salvifolius.

The purified proanthocyanidin oligomers of Cistus salvifolius herb extract accounted for 78% of the total proanthocyanidins and 73% of the total antioxidant activity of this extract. To elucidate the structure of the oligomer, it was depolymerized by acid catalysis in the presence of phloroglucinol. The structures of the resulting flavan-3-ols and phloroglucinol adducts were determined on the basis of 1D- and reverse 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC) experiments of their peracetylated derivatives, MALDI-TOF-MS and CD spectroscopy.

Phenolic esters from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa do not cause proliferation effects in MCF-7 cells.

Five phenylpropanoid esters, caffeoylglycolic acid, 2-caffeoylpiscidic acid (cimicifugic acid D), 3,4-dihydroxyphenacyl caffeate (petasiphenone), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-oxopropyl isoferulate (cimiciphenol) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenacyl isoferulate (cimiciphenone) were isolated from a commercially available extract of the rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. (syn.