Influence of phase of respiratory cycle on ultrasound imaging of deep abdominal muscle thickness.

Background: It is difficult to evaluate the transversus abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) due to their dual role in both trunk control and breathing.

Objectives: To investigate whether TrA and IO thickness as measured by ultrasound differs across the respiratory cycle in upright standing.

Design: Observational study.

Reliability and validity of three pain provocation tests used for the diagnosis of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy.

Background: The clinical assessment of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) in athletes is a challenge to sports medicine. To be able to compare the results of research and treatments, the methods used to diagnose and evaluate PHT must be clearly defined and reproducible.

Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of three pain provocation tests used for the diagnosis of PHT.