Does the Etiology, Phenomenology and Motor Subtype of Delirium Differ When It Occurs in Patients With An Underlying Dementia?: A Multi-Site, International Study.

Objectives: To compare the etiology, phenomenology and motor subtype of delirium in patients with and without an underlying dementia.

Methods: A combined dataset (n = 992) was collated from two databases of older adults (>65 years) from liaison psychiatry and palliative care populations in Ireland and India. Phenomenology and severity of delirium were analysed using the Delirium Symptom Rating Scale Revised (DRS-R98) and contributory etiologies for the delirium groups were ascertained using the Delirium Etiology Checklist (DEC).

Building a transdisciplinary expert consensus on the cognitive drivers of performance under pressure: An international multi-panel Delphi study.

Introduction: The ability to perform optimally under pressure is critical across many occupations, including the military, first responders, and competitive sport. Despite recognition that such performance depends on a range of cognitive factors, how common these factors are across performance domains remains unclear. The current study sought to integrate existing knowledge in the performance field in the form of a transdisciplinary expert consensus on the cognitive mechanisms that underlie performance under pressure.

Why are newly qualified motorists at high crash risk? Modelling driving behaviours across the first six months of driving.

Objective: Novice driver crash risk diminishes steeply over the first few months of driving. We explore the characteristics of driving over this period to identify behaviours that might underlie this change in risk.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1456 UK drivers aged 17-21 within six months of gaining their licence.

How do delirium motor subtypes differ in phenomenology and contributory aetiology? a cross-sectional, multisite study of liaison psychiatry and palliative care patients.

Objectives: To investigate whether delirium motor subtypes differ in terms of phenomenology and contributory aetiology.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: International study incorporating data from Ireland and India across palliative care, old age liaison psychiatry and general adult liaison psychiatry settings.

Comparison of sleep structure and psychometric profiles in patients with fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis and healthy controls.

While research indicates that both the macro- and microstructure of sleep may be altered in fibromyalgia syndrome, few studies have controlled for symptom duration or included pain-control participants (i.e. patients with chronic pain and sleep disturbance not associated with fibromyalgia syndrome).

The problem in differentiation between psoriatic-related polyenthesitis and fibromyalgia.

The recognition of the primacy of enthesitis in animal models of spondyloarthritis and the prevalence of clinically occult enthesopathy in psoriatic subjects and of persistent joint pain in PsA subjects who have ostensibly good reduction of joint swelling under biological therapy has highlighted the potential impact of polyenthesitis in psoriatic disease. In daily practice, the formal demonstration of enthesitis is challenging for the following reasons: the relatively avascular nature of enthesis, often leading to the absence of overt clinical inflammatory signs; the frequent lack of elevation of inflammatory markers; and finally, the limitations of current imaging techniques to provide supportive evidence for inflammation in these areas. Consequently, enthesitis may present as widespread pain indistinguishable from FM or may emerge as the dominant feature after successful biological therapy for suppression of synovitis.

The Letter and Shape Drawing (LSD) test: An efficient and systematised approach to testing of visuospatial function.

The automation and systemisation of the next generation of cognitive assessment approaches have the potential to change how clinicians assess and interact with patients. This may be especially pertinent in the case of delirium, as current methods often rely on the subjective opinion of clinicians and specialists, with potential for the condition to be overlooked or misdiagnosed. Currently, one of the most commonly used tests, is the clock-drawing test, which has relatively wide appeal as a cognitive screening instrument due to its clinical utility and psychometric properties.

Development of the four-item Letter and Shape Drawing test (LSD-4): A brief bedside test of visuospatial function.

Conventional bedside tests of visuospatial function such as the Clock Drawing (CDT) and Intersecting Pentagons (IPT) lack consistency in delivery and interpretation. We compared performance on a novel test of visuospatial ability - the LSD - with the IPT, CDT and MMSE in 180 acute elderly medical inpatients [mean age 79.7±7.

Identifying beliefs underlying pre-drivers' intentions to take risks: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Novice motorists are at high crash risk during the first few months of driving. Risky behaviours such as speeding and driving while distracted are well-documented contributors to crash risk during this period. To reduce this public health burden, effective road safety interventions need to target the pre-driving period.

Novice drivers' individual trajectories of driver behavior over the first three years of driving.

Identifying the changes in driving behavior that underlie the decrease in crash risk over the first few months of driving is key to efforts to reduce injury and fatality risk in novice drivers. This study represented a secondary data analysis of 1148 drivers who participated in the UK Cohort II study. The Driver Behavior Questionnaire was completed at 6 months and 1, 2 and 3 years after licensure.

Measuring errors and violations on the road: a bifactor modeling approach to the Driver Behavior Questionnaire.

The Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) is a self-report measure of driving behavior that has been widely used over more than 20 years. Despite this wealth of evidence a number of questions remain, including understanding the correlation between its violations and errors sub-components, identifying how these components are related to crash involvement, and testing whether a DBQ based on a reduced number of items can be effective. We address these issues using a bifactor modeling approach to data drawn from the UK Cohort II longitudinal study of novice drivers.

Certolizumab pegol plus MTX administered every 4 weeks is effective in patients with RA who are partial responders to MTX.

Objective: Certolizumab pegol (CZP) is known to be effective as monotherapy at a dosage of 400  mg every 4 weeks in patients with active RA who have failed DMARDs. The aim of this study was to investigate every 4-week CZP in addition to continued MTX therapy in patients with an inadequate response to MTX alone.

Methods: Patients with active RA with inadequate response to MTX, on background MTX, were randomized to double-blind treatment with CZP 400  mg or placebo every 4 weeks for 24 weeks (NCT00544154).

Evaluating the effectiveness of a road safety education intervention for pre-drivers: an application of the theory of planned behaviour.

Background: Young drivers are overrepresented in road traffic fatalities and collisions. Attempts to address this problem with pre-driver education have not met with unambiguous success. However, there is a lack of research on whether pre-driver education can change psychological antecedents to behaviour.

Risky attitudes towards road use in pre-drivers.

Motor vehicle accidents are one of the principal causes of adolescent disability or mortality and male drivers are more likely to be involved in road accidents than female drivers. In part such associations between driver age and sex have been linked to differences in risky behaviour (e.g.