Reconstruction of a Large Composite Hemicraniofacial Defect with Bipedicled DIEP/TRAM Flaps.

Head and neck reconstructions are often challenging due to the mix of functional and aesthetic goals. It can be tricky when different tissue types are required to reconstruct each subunit. Craniofacial reconstructions require a large volume of tissue to cover defects that span across a large convex area.

Elevated urine BMP phospholipids in LRRK2 and VPS35 mutation carriers with and without Parkinson's disease.

Elevated urine bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) levels have been found in gain-of-kinase function LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers. Here, we have expanded urine BMP analysis to other Parkinson's disease (PD) associated mutations and found them to be consistently elevated in carriers of LRRK2 G2019S and R1441G/C as well as VPS35 D620N mutations. Urine BMP levels are promising biomarkers for patient stratification and potentially target engagement in clinical trials of emerging targeted PD therapies.

LRRK2 and GBA1 variant carriers have higher urinary bis(monacylglycerol) phosphate concentrations in PPMI cohorts.

We quantified concentrations of three isoforms of the endolysosomal lipid, bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate (BMP) in the urine of deeply phenotyped cohorts in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative: LRRK2 G2019S PD (N = 134) and non-manifesting carriers (NMC) (G2019S+ NMC; N = 182), LRRK2 R1441G PD (N = 15) and R1441G+ NMC (N = 15), GBA1 N409S PD (N = 76) and N409S+ NMC (N = 178), sporadic PD (sPD, N = 379) and healthy controls (HC) (N = 190). The effects of each mutation and disease status were analyzed using nonparametric methods. Longitudinal changes in BMP levels were analyzed using linear mixed models.

Memory-Based Prediction Deficits and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.

Background: Theories suggest that people with schizophrenia (SZ) have problems generating predictions based on past experiences. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus participate in memory-based prediction. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate DLPFC and hippocampal function in healthy control (HC) subjects and people with SZ during memory-based prediction.

CRISPR screens for lipid regulators reveal a role for ER-bound SNX13 in lysosomal cholesterol export.

We report here two genome-wide CRISPR screens performed to identify genes that, when knocked out, alter levels of lysosomal cholesterol or bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. In addition, these screens were also performed under conditions of NPC1 inhibition to identify modifiers of NPC1 function in lysosomal cholesterol export. The screens confirm tight coregulation of cholesterol and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in cells and reveal an unexpected role for the ER-localized SNX13 protein as a negative regulator of lysosomal cholesterol export and contributor to ER-lysosome membrane contact sites.

Plasma Glucosylsphingosine in GBA1 Mutation Carriers with and without Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Biallelic mutations in the GBA1 gene encoding glucocerebrosidase cause Gaucher's disease, whereas heterozygous carriers are at risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). Glucosylsphingosine is a clinically meaningful biomarker of Gaucher's disease but could not be assayed previously in heterozygous GBA1 carriers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess plasma glucosylsphingosine levels in GBA1 N370S carriers with and without PD.

Reconstruction of Pelvic Exenteration Defect with Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap: A Case Report.

The pedicled anterolateral thigh flap, with or without the vastus lateralis muscle, has been described for pelvic exenteration defect reconstruction. However, its use as a free flap for this type of defect is not routinely followed. To reconstruct an extensive pelvic defect in the presence of two ostomies, we describe a free anterolateral thigh flap with deep inferior epigastric pedicles as recipient vessels.

Musculoseptocutaneous Perforator of Anterolateral Thigh Flap: A Clinical Study.

Background: The anterolateral thigh flap is one of the most useful workhorse flaps for microsurgical reconstruction. However, it can pose a great challenge to surgeons because of its anatomical variability. As the technology advances, not only septocutaneous or musculocutaneous courses of anterolateral thigh perforators but also a hybrid musculoseptocutaneous perforator pattern have been identified on computerized imaging and on cadaveric study.

Higher Urine bis(Monoacylglycerol)Phosphate Levels in LRRK2 G2019S Mutation Carriers: Implications for Therapeutic Development.

Background: LRRK2 mutations are a common cause of dominantly inherited PD. Previous studies showed decreases in urine levels of didocohexaenoyl (22:6) bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate in LRRK2-knockout mice and in non-human primates treated with LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. We hypothesized that urine levels of bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate isoforms will be higher in individuals with a PD-causing gain-of-kinase function mutation, LRRK2 G2019S.

Clinical features, microbiological epidemiology and recommendations for management of cellulitis in extremity lymphedema.

Background: This high volume, single center study investigated the prevalence, bacterial epidemiology, and responsiveness to antibiotic therapy of cellulitis in extremity lymphedema.

Methods: From 2003 to 2018, cellulitis events from a cohort of 420 patients with extremity lymphedema were reviewed. Demographics, lymphedema grading, symptoms, inflammatory markers, cultures and antibiotic therapy regimens were compiled from cellulitis episodes data.

The Correlation of Age and Patterns of Maxillofacial Bone Fractures and Severity of Associated Injuries Caused by Motorcycle Accidents.

Background: Every year, there are significant numbers of motorcycle accident casualties in Taiwan. These accidents are the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma. Age should be an important factor of maxillofacial fracture patterns yet there is limited literature on the topic.

Validation of a multiplexed LC-MS/MS clinical assay to quantify insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in human serum and its application in a clinical study.

Circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) continue to gain attention as biomarkers of drug activities on insulin like growth factor (IGF)/IGF receptor signaling pathways. A multiplexed LC-MS/MS method was validated for the absolute quantitation of IGFBPs in human serum. The method was used to measure screening concentrations of IGFBPs in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) patients in a phase 2 clinical trial.

Immediate and Long-term Complications of Direct-to-implant Breast Reconstruction after Nipple- or Skin-sparing Mastectomy.

Background: Traditionally, breast reconstruction options after mastectomy comprise an autologous flap or staged expander/implant reconstruction, or a combination of both. Recent introduction of skin or nipple-sparing mastectomies have led to much interest in direct-to-implant immediate breast reconstructions. We performed a retrospective review of our initial experience.

A multiplexed UPLC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous measurement of urinary safety biomarkers of drug-induced kidney injury and phospholipidosis.

Drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) is a major concern in drug risk assessment given its clinical importance and the absence of a sensitive/specific method of diagnosis. Pharmaceutical regulatory agencies have qualified and issued letters of support for new biomarkers to better evaluate DIKI in nonclinical toxicity and clinical studies. Additional efforts have focused on drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) and its potential link with collateral renal damage.

Aggressive Angiomyxoma-Report of a Rare Male Buttock Lesion.

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a very rare benign tumor for male population with fewer than 50 cases reported since the description of this tumor. Most documented cases of aggressive angiomyxomas were found in genital, perineal, and pelvic regions in women of child bearing age. We report a case of a massive (> 20 cm) aggressive angiomyxomas in a man who presented with perineal swellings.

Immediate Two-Stage Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction Failure: Radiation Is Not the Only Culprit.

Background: Immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction produces a satisfactory aesthetic result with high levels of patient satisfaction. However, with the broader indication for postmastectomy adjuvant radiation therapy, many patients are advised against immediate breast reconstruction because of concerns of implant loss and infection, particularly as most patients also require chemotherapy. This retrospective cohort study examines outcomes for patients who underwent immediate two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction after mastectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Two-Stage Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy with or without Prior Postmastectomy Radiotherapy.

Background: Two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction with initial insertion of a tissue expander followed by an implant after a period of inflation is a well-established breast reconstruction option. Most of the current literature concentrates on the immediate setting, and there are only a few reports into delayed cases, especially after postmastectomy radiotherapy (RT). We performed a retrospective review of our experience over a 12.

Breast Augmentation after Conservation Surgery and Radiation Therapy.

Background: There is a paucity of data regarding outcomes for patients undergoing breast augmentation with implants after breast conservation surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy. This retrospective study examined outcomes for patients with breast implant-only augmentation after BCS and radiotherapy.

Methods: Between June 1998 and December 2010, 671 women underwent prosthetic breast reconstruction.