Isolation and characterization of ; a novel clade of phages within the subfamily .

Unlabelled: is a commensal inhabitant of the mammalian gut microbiota, frequently associated with various gastrointestinal diseases. There is increasing interest in comprehending the variety of bacteriophages (phages) that target this bacterium, as such insights could pave the way for their potential use in therapeutic applications. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of four newly identified infecting tailed phages (W70, A7-1, A5-4, and A73) that were found to constitute a novel genus, , within the subfamily .

A novel genus of Pectobacterium bacteriophages display broad host range by targeting several species of Danish soft rot isolates.

The bacterial diseases black leg and soft rot in potatoes cause heavy losses of potatoes worldwide. Bacteria within the genus Pectobacteriaceae are the causative agents of black leg and soft rot. The use of antibiotics in agriculture is heavily regulated and no other effective treatment currently exists, but bacteriophages (phages) have shown promise as potential biocontrol agents.

Motility in Species: Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization and Update on Motility in .

The genus and the recently described genus , to which some previously named species have been reclassified as a result of a taxogenomic assessment, includes lactic acid bacteria species with high biotechnological and probiotic potential. Only one species, namely, (.) , whose type strain has been shown to possess probiotic features, has so far been described to be motile.

Characterisation of the Novel Filamentous Phage PMBT54 Infecting the Milk Spoilage Bacteria and .

Filamentous bacteriophages are lysogenic and pseudo-lysogenic viruses that do not lyse their host but are often continuously secreted from the infected cell. They belong to the order , which encompasses three families, with the being the largest. While the number of identified inoviral sequences has greatly increased in recent years due to metagenomic studies, morphological and physiological characterisation is still restricted to only a few members of the filamentous phages.

Pheno- and Genotyping of Three Novel Bacteriophage Genera That Target a Wheat Phyllosphere Genus.

Bacteriophages are viral agents that infect and replicate within bacterial cells. Despite the increasing importance of phage ecology, environmental phages-particularly those targeting phyllosphere-associated bacteria-remain underexplored, and current genomic databases lack high-quality phage genome sequences linked to specific environmentally important bacteria, such as the ubiquitous sphingomonads. Here, we isolated three novel phages from a Danish wastewater treatment facility.

Cas1 and Fen1 Display Equivalent Functions During Archaeal DNA Repair.

CRISPR-Cas constitutes an adaptive prokaryotic defence system against invasive nucleic acids like viruses and plasmids. Beyond their role in immunity, CRISPR-Cas systems have been shown to closely interact with components of cellular DNA repair pathways, either by regulating their expression or via direct protein-protein contact and enzymatic activity. The integrase Cas1 is usually involved in the adaptation phase of CRISPR-Cas immunity but an additional role in cellular DNA repair pathways has been proposed previously.

The Biology of CRISPR-Cas: Backward and Forward.

In bacteria and archaea, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins constitute an adaptive immune system against phages and other foreign genetic elements. Here, we review the biology of the diverse CRISPR-Cas systems and the major progress achieved in recent years in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the three stages of CRISPR-Cas immunity: adaptation, crRNA biogenesis, and interference. The ecology and regulation of CRISPR-Cas in the context of phage infection, the roles of these systems beyond immunity, and the open questions that propel the field forward are also discussed.

CRISPR-Cas: biology, mechanisms and relevance.

Prokaryotes have evolved several defence mechanisms to protect themselves from viral predators. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated proteins (Cas) display a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that memorizes previous infections by integrating short sequences of invading genomes-termed spacers-into the CRISPR locus. The spacers interspaced with repeats are expressed as small guide CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that are employed by Cas proteins to target invaders sequence-specifically upon a reoccurring infection.