ANESTHESIA IN CAPTIVE GIANT PANDAS () WITH MEDETOMIDINE-KETAMINE.

One male and one female giant panda () from a Belgian zoo were anesthetized on eight different occasions over a course of 4 yr for electro-ejaculation ( = 3) or artificial insemination ( = 5). Medetomidine (0.03-0.

Dobutamine use in horses during romifidine and isoflurane anaesthesia.

This retrospective study aimed to assess the incidence of hypotension and the subsequent administration of dobutamine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and romifidine during elective surgery. Time from induction of anaesthesia to administration of dobutamine was registered, as well as the time and dose needed to restore mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 70 mmHg. Additionally, the influence of patient and anaesthesia related parameters on the need for dobutamine supplementation was evaluated.

The Antinociceptive Effect of Magnesium Sulphate Administered in the Epidural Space in Standing Horses.

To study the antinociceptive properties of epidural magnesium sulphate (MgSO) in standing horses Experimental, placebo-controlled, masked, cross-over A group of six healthy horses Through an epidural catheter, 1 mg kg MgSO (treatment Mg) diluted to a volume of 15 mL or the same volume of saline (treatment S) was administered over 15 minutes. Electrical, thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were determined on the pelvic limb before and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 minutes after the start of the injection. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency (f) were recorded every 10 minutes.

Effects of detomidine or romifidine during maintenance and recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of detomidine or romifidine on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses undergoing isoflurane anaesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical study.

Animals: A total of 63 healthy horses undergoing elective surgery during general anaesthesia.

Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate in Standing Horses: Effects on Physiological Parameters, Plasma Concentration of Magnesium and Nociceptive Threshold Tests.

A bolus of 50 mg kg MgSO (treatment Mg) or the same volume of saline (treatment S) was infused over 15 minutes in 5 adult healthy horses. T0 was the end of the infusion. Physiological parameters were recorded throughout the study period.

Description of different ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block in pig cadavers - A pilot study.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound (US)-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in pigs.

Study Design: Prospective, descriptive, experimental study.

Animals: A total of 26 hemi-abdomens belonging to 13 Seghers Hybrid cadavers.

Recovery Quality After Romifidine Versus Detomidine Infusion During Isoflurane Anesthesia in Horses.

To examine the influence of detomidine or romifidine on recovery quality from isoflurane anesthesia, 78 anesthetic records were reviewed, from horses that had received romifidine (group R) during premedication [80-120 μg kg IV], anesthetic maintenance (40 μg kg hour IV), and recovery (20 μg kg IV) or detomidine (group D), at doses of 10-20 μg kg IV, 5 μg kg hour IV, and 2.5 μg kg IV, respectively. Duration of the different recovery phases, the number of attempts to sternal and standing, scores for transition to standing (TrSta), balance and coordination once standing (BC), and final recovery score (FS) were compared between groups using a Mann-Whitney U-test, independent t-test, or chi-squared test, as appropriate (alpha 0.

Thermal, mechanical and electrical stimuli in antinociceptive studies in standing horses: an update.

Objective: To perform a literature review of the thermal and mechanical antinociceptive devices used in pharmacological studies in standing horses published after 2011 (2012-2019). To complete a full literature review about electrical stimulation used for evaluation in similar studies.

Databases Used: PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science.

Clinical applicability of detomidine and methadone constant rate infusions for surgery in standing horses.

Objective: To determine the required rate of a detomidine infusion (loading dose 5 μg kg; initial rate 12.5 μg kg hour) added to a constant infusion of methadone (0.2 mg kg; 0.

How to score sedation and adjust the administration rate of sedatives in horses: a literature review and introduction of the Ghent Sedation Algorithm.

Objective: To summarize the different methods used to assess sedation and/or adjust the dose or administration rate of alpha-2 agonists in horses and to propose an algorithm to adjust the administration rate of a constant rate infusion of an alpha-2 agonist in horses.

Databases Used: PubMed and Web of Science; search terms: horse, sedation and score.

Conclusions: Most authors distinguish between sedation depth, sedation quality and degree of ataxia.

Impact of Trendelenburg (head down) and reverse Trendelenburg (head up) position on respiratory and cardiovascular function in anaesthetized horses.

Objective: To describe the cardiorespiratory effects of a change in table position in anaesthetized horses.

Study Design: Prospective, crossover, randomized, experimental study.

Animals: Six adult horses (mean body weight 621 ± 59 kg, aged 13 ± 4 years).

Cardiorespiratory effects of a 7° reverse Trendelenburg position in anaesthetized horses: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of a 7° reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) in anaesthetized horses.

Study Design: Randomized, non-blinded clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 125 horses undergoing elective surgery in dorsal recumbency.

DETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL FOR STANDING SEDATION IN A RANGE OF ZOO-KEPT UNGULATE SPECIES.

General anesthesia poses risks for larger zoo species, like cardiorespiratory depression, myopathy, and hyperthermia. In ruminants, ruminal bloat and regurgitation of rumen contents with potential aspiration pneumonia are added risks. Thus, the use of sedation to perform minor procedures is justified in zoo animals.

A novel approach for regional anaesthesia of the auricular region in horses: an anatomic and imaging study.

Objective: To investigate the anatomy of the ear innervation in horses and develop a new approach for the block of the internal and external pinna and acoustic meatus.

Study Design: Prospective, descriptive, cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 25 heads and necks from horse cadavers.

Repetitive urine and blood sampling in neonatal and weaned piglets for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling in drug discovery: a pilot study.

Piglets are considered to be suitable animal models for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of test drugs for potential use in the paediatric population. Such PK/PD studies require multiple blood and urine samplings. The goal of the present study was to determine a suitable blood collection strategy applicable in the youngest age categories of six days, four weeks and eight weeks of age, as well as a urine collection technique for male piglets in the same age categories.

Comparison of respiratory function during TIVA (romifidine, ketamine, midazolam) and isoflurane anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing ponies Part I: blood gas analysis and cardiorespiratory variables.

Objective: To compare pulmonary function and gas exchange in ponies during maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane or by a total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) technique.

Study Design: Experimental, cross-over study.

Animals: Six healthy ponies weighing mean 286 (range 233-388) ± SD 61 kg, age 13 (9-16) ± 3 years.

The effect of the inspired oxygen fraction on arterial blood oxygenation in spontaneously breathing, isoflurane anaesthetized horses: a retrospective study.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of two inspired oxygen fractions (FiO(2)) on the arterial oxygenation in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane.

Study Design: Retrospective, case-control clinical study.

Animals: Two hundred equine patients undergoing non-abdominal surgery (ASA class 1-2), using a standardized anaesthetic protocol and selected from anaesthetic records of a period of three years, based on pre-defined inclusion criteria.

Comparison of respiratory function during TIVA and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies Part II: breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure.

Objective: To compare breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure during total intravenous (TIVA) and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies.

Study Design: Experimental, cross-over study.

Animals: Six healthy ponies weighing 286 (233-388) ± 61 kg, age 13 (9-16) ± 3 years.

Partial intravenous anaesthesia in the horse: a review of intravenous agents used to supplement equine inhalation anaesthesia. Part 2: opioids and alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists.

Objective: To review the literature with regard to the use of different intravenous agents as supplements to inhalational anaesthesia in horses. The Part 2 of this review will focus in the use of opioids and α2 -agonists.

Databases Used: Pubmed and Web of Science.

Serological responses and biomarker evaluation in mice and pigs exposed to tsetse fly bites.

Background: Tsetse flies are obligate blood-feeding insects that transmit African trypanosomes responsible for human sleeping sickness and nagana in livestock. The tsetse salivary proteome contains a highly immunogenic family of the endonuclease-like Tsal proteins. In this study, a recombinant version of Tsal1 (rTsal1) was evaluated in an indirect ELISA to quantify the contact with total Glossina morsitans morsitans saliva, and thus the tsetse fly bite exposure.

Partial intravenous anaesthesia in the horse: a review of intravenous agents used to supplement equine inhalation anaesthesia. Part 1: lidocaine and ketamine.

Objective: To review the literature with regard to the use of different intravenous agents as supplements to inhalational anaesthesia in horses. These drugs include lidocaine, ketamine, opioids and α2 -agonists. The Part 1 of this review will focus in the use of lidocaine and ketamine.

Does long-term unilateral circling affect locomotor symmetry in ponies used for carousel rides?

There is ethical debate on the use of ponies for carousel rides at city fairs, as these animals may develop progressive locomotor asymmetry during their career. To investigate this issue, 21 ponies used for carousel rides were walked and trotted over a pressure plate system. Non-directional symmetry ratios and directional asymmetry indices of forelimb peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), stance time (ST) and hoof contact area (CA) were calculated and compared to reference data.

Comparison of the influence of two different constant-rate infusions (dexmedetomidine versus morphine) on anaesthetic requirements, cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality in isoflurane anaesthetized horses.

Twenty adult healthy horses undergoing elective surgery were involved in this prospective, blinded, clinical study. Horses were randomly allocated to receive a constant rate infusion (CRI) of morphine or dexmedetomidine. After induction, anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen/air and mechanical ventilation applied.