Minimally invasive thymectomy: the Mayo Clinic experience.

Background: The prevalence of minimally invasive thymectomy (MIT) is increasing and may have significant benefit to patients in terms of morbidity and post-operative recovery. Our aim was to review the Mayo Clinic experience of MIT.

Methods: We reviewed data from all MIT cases collected in a prospectively maintained database from January 1995 to February 2015.

MDCT of the hand and wrist: beyond trauma.

High-resolution multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has played a pivotal role in assessing patients following trauma; however, recent advancements in technology including dual-energy CT, as well as multiplanar and three-dimensional (3D) capabilities, are expanding the potential clinical applications of CT to include nontraumatic pathologies. This article will review optimal technical parameters for the creation of MDCT and 3DCT images and illustrate the imaging capabilities of 3DCT imaging for demonstrating nontraumatic hand and wrist pathology.

Anastomotic leak after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: evaluation with MDCT cystography with multiplanar reformatting and 3D display.

Objective: This article reviews the pattern of anastomotic leak after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) on MDCT cystography with multiplanar reformatting and 3D display and discusses key surgical procedures to explain intraperitoneal leak and the incidence and clinical significance of anastomotic leak.

Conclusion: RALRP is a minimally invasive surgery for localized prostate cancer, and its use has increased recently. Intraperitoneal extension of vesicourethral anastomotic leak after RALRP can occur, which is not associated with radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Imaging of limb salvage surgery.

Objective: Limb salvage surgery comprises surgical techniques designed to resect musculoskeletal extremity tumors and subsequently reconstruct a limb with an acceptable oncologic, functional, and cosmetic result. Today, 70-90% of malignant extremity tumors are being treated with limb salvage surgery.

Conclusion: The purpose of this article is to describe the operative techniques, review the imaging techniques, and to illustrate imaging findings related to the surgeries in complicated and uncomplicated cases.

MDCT arthrography of the shoulder with datasets of isotropic resolution: indications, technique, and applications.

Objective: The purposes of this review are to summarize the indications for MDCT arthrography of the shoulder, highlight the features of MDCT acquisition, and describe the normal and abnormal MDCT arthrographic appearances of the shoulder.

Conclusion: MDCT arthrography is a valid alternative for shoulder imaging of patients with contraindications to MRI or after failed MRI. MDCT arthrography is accurate for assessment of a variety of shoulder abnormalities and, with further validation, may become the imaging test of choice for evaluation of the postoperative shoulder.

The elephant trunk procedure for aortic aneurysm repair: an illustrated guide to surgical technique with CT correlation.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of a relatively new surgical aortic procedure, the elephant trunk technique. In conjunction with information from the literature, a series of illustrations provide a detailed description of the surgical procedure and postoperative appearance with CT correlation.

Conclusion: This article explains the rationale behind a staged thoracic aortic surgery, describes and illustrates the surgical technique used to perform the elephant trunk procedure and the normal postoperative imaging appearance, and discusses potential complications specific to the elephant trunk procedure.

Pancreatic surgery for the radiologist, 2011: an illustrated review of classic and newer surgical techniques for pancreatic tumor resection.

Objective: Pancreatic surgery has evolved considerably since the earliest described pancreatectomies were performed in the late 1800s. Emerging surgical techniques for pancreatic cancer have modified what was traditionally deemed unresectable disease. This review summarizes the main type of pancreatic resections used for tumor removal on the basis of location and biologic behavior.

Pediatric skeletal trauma: use of multiplanar reformatted and three-dimensional 64-row multidetector CT in the emergency department.

Orthopedic injuries account for one-half of all emergency department visits by pediatric patients in the United States. Although radiography is the first-line method of diagnosis in the emergency department, multidetector computed tomography (CT) is playing an increasingly important role in definition of skeletal and soft-tissue injuries in the pediatric trauma patient. With the advent of 64-detector row CT, images can be produced with subsecond gantry rotation times and with submillimeter acquisition, which yield true isotropic high-resolution volume data sets.

Internet-based dissemination of educational video presentations: a primer in video podcasting.

Objective: Video "podcasting" is an Internet-based publication and syndication technology that is defined as the process of capturing, editing, distributing, and downloading audio, video, and general multimedia productions. The expanded capacity for visual components allows radiologists to view still and animated media.

Conclusion: These image-viewing characteristics and the ease of widespread delivery are well suited for radiologic education.

Internet-based dissemination of educational audiocasts: a primer in podcasting--how to do it.

Objective: "Podcasting" is a relatively new Internet-based broadcast technology with unique characteristics that may prove valuable in radiologic education. In this article, we describe the procedure for generating, distributing, and downloading a podcast.

Conclusion: Podcast technology holds promise as an inexpensive method to rapidly and cost effectively disseminate educational Internet audio broadcasts ("audiocasts").

Volume rendering versus maximum intensity projection in CT angiography: what works best, when, and why.

The introduction and widespread availability of 16-section multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) technology and, more recently, 64-section scanners, has greatly advanced the role of CT angiography in clinical practice. CT angiography has become a key component of state-of-the-art imaging, with applications ranging from oncology (eg, staging of pancreatic or renal cancer) to classic vascular imaging (eg, evaluation of aortic aneurysms and renal artery stenoses) as well as newer techniques such as coronary artery imaging and peripheral runoff studies. With an average of 400-1000 images in each volume data set, three-dimensional postprocessing is crucial to volume visualization.

Acute non-traumatic maternal illnesses in pregnancy: imaging approaches.

The imaging methods used to obtain diagnostic information for pregnant patients presenting with acute non-traumatic maternal illnesses have been reviewed. Conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, uterus, adnexae, central nervous system and chest have been investigated via a variety of imaging methods, which include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intravenous pyelography (IVP), angiography and fluoroscopy. The method of choice, application, and safety to the mother and fetus are considered for investigation of each condition.

Adult ureteropelvic junction obstruction: insights with three-dimensional multi-detector row CT.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a benign, congenital condition that remains an enigma in terms of both diagnosis and therapy. On the basis of a series of cases that were referred to the authors in their clinical practice, they found that the unprecedented quality and novel perspectives of multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) with two- and three-dimensional postprocessing allow a comprehensive, single-study assessment of the ureterovascular relationships in UPJO. This topic is important because the causative role of crossing vessels may be questioned on the basis of such studies, and the therapeutic approach may be altered by using precise anatomic images customized to the pathologic features of the individual patient.

Patterns of collateral pathways in extrahepatic portal hypertension as demonstrated by multidetector row computed tomography and advanced image processing.

Pancreatic neoplasm can compromise the portal vein or its tributaries, resulting in extrahepatic portal hypertension. Collateral channels may develop, usually in a hepatopetal direction. These include gastroepiploic veins, short gastric veins, left gastric vein, left colic veins, and spontaneous splenorenal shunts.

Current concepts in multi-detector row CT evaluation of the coronary arteries: principles, techniques, and anatomy.

Cardiac imaging is becoming a practical application of mechanical computed tomography (CT) with the availability of four, eight, and 16 detector row scanners. The role of imaging is progressing from simple determination of the presence of arterial calcifications on nonenhanced scans to demonstration of vascular stenoses on coronary CT angiograms. Optimization of the imaging technique and knowledge of coronary artery anatomy are both important for the development of CT of the heart.

Multidetector row computed tomography with volume rendering--an aid to understanding pelvic anatomy and disease.

Recent progress in computed tomography (CT) imaging has included multidetector row CT and volume rendering 3-dimensional post processing platforms. The growth in each of these areas has been synergistic and has offered new avenues for the formation and interpretation of diagnostic CT imaging studies. There is untapped added information in a conventional 2-dimensional axial planar pelvis study that may be harnessed with these tools.

Multi-detector row and volume-rendered CT of the normal and accessory flow pathways of the thoracic systemic and pulmonary veins.

Multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) and volume rendering can be used as an interpretive aid to present the systemic and pulmonary venous anatomy of the thorax. Both of these venous systems are routinely imaged in clinical practice and are important in interpretation of diagnostic images in health and disease. Multi-detector row CT and three-dimensional volume rendering provide high-quality near-isotropic data (ie, the longitudinal resolution approximates the in-plane resolution).

Multidetector row CT: principles and clinical applications.

Multidetector row CT (MDCT) is the latest advancement in CT technology. The use of multiple detector rows allows faster scanning and thinner collimation. These improvements allow routine scans to be performed faster with higher z-axis resolution.