Assessing Ethnic Inequalities in Diagnostic Interval of Common Cancers: A Population-Based UK Cohort Study.

Background: This study investigated ethnic differences in diagnostic interval (DI)-the period between initial primary care presentation and diagnosis.

Methods: We analysed the primary care-linked data of patients who reported features of seven cancers (breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, oesophagogastric, myeloma, and ovarian) one year before diagnosis. Accelerated failure time (AFT) models investigated the association between DI and ethnicity, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation, and morbidity.

Ethnic inequalities in routes to diagnosis of cancer: a population-based UK cohort study.

Background: UK Asian and Black ethnic groups have poorer outcomes for some cancers and are less likely to report a positive care experience than their White counterparts. This study investigated ethnic differences in the route to diagnosis (RTD) to identify areas in patients' cancer journeys where inequalities lie, and targeted intervention might have optimum impact.

Methods: We analysed data of 243,825 patients with 10 cancers (2006-2016) from the RTD project linked to primary care data.

The UK's contribution to cancer control in low-income and middle-income countries.

Cancer mortality rates in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are unacceptably high, requiring both collaborative global effort and in-country solutions. Experience has shown that working together in policy, clinical practice, education, training, and research leads to bidirectional benefit for LMICs and high-income countries. For over 60 years, the UK National Health Service has benefited from recruitment from LMICs, providing the UK with a rich diaspora of trained health-care professionals with links to LMICs.

Can targeting women with behavioural science 'nudges' help black men to find out more about their high risk of contracting prostate cancer?

Objective: Prostate cancer is now deadlier than breast cancer in the UK, with more than 12,000 men dying from it in the country in 2018. Black men are nearly three times more likely to suffer prostate cancer, with one in four contracting the disease in their lifetime. Despite being a high risk group very few black men aged 45 and over visit their GP to discuss the pros and cons of screening.

"Hard to reach, but not out of reach": Barriers and facilitators to recruiting Black African and Black Caribbean men with prostate cancer and their partners into qualitative research.

Access and recruitment barriers may have contributed to the underrepresentation of Black African/Caribbean men and their partners in current psychosocial research related to prostate cancer survivors. Whilst some studies have explored recruitment barriers and facilitators from participants' perspectives, little is known from researchers' point of view. This paper aimed to address this gap in the literature.

Development, Evaluation, and Implementation of a Pan-African Cancer Research Network: Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate.

Purpose: Cancer of the prostate (CaP) is the leading cancer among men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A substantial proportion of these men with CaP are diagnosed at late (usually incurable) stages, yet little is known about the etiology of CaP in SSA.

Methods: We established the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate Network, which includes seven SSA centers partnering with five US centers to study the genetics and epidemiology of CaP in SSA.

A Prospective Audit of Intermittent Anti-Androgen verses Pituitary Blockade Suggests a Bipolar Androgen Type Strategy May Be Safe in Untreated Prostate Cancer.

Objective: A locally advanced Gleason 4 + 4 prostate cancer patient who was on self-medication with intermittent anti-androgen monotherapy (iAAm) over 14 years suggested that raised testosterone was not dangerous and this suggestion needed investigating.

Patients: Others who were on AA continuously were recruited to ongoing audit of intermittent hormone therapy (IHT) and iAAm outcomes were compared with intermittent LHRH therapy (iLHRH or iMAB).

Results: Between 1994 and 2007, 111 patients sought IHT because of side effects of treatment.

Barriers and facilitators to healthy lifestyle and acceptability of a dietary and physical activity intervention among African Caribbean prostate cancer survivors in the UK: a qualitative study.

Objectives: Diet and lifestyle may have a role in delaying prostate cancer progression, but little is known about the health behaviours of Black British prostate cancer survivors despite this group having a higher prostate cancer mortality rate than their White counterparts. We explored the barriers and facilitators to dietary and lifestyle changes and the acceptability of a diet and physical activity intervention in African Caribbean prostate cancer survivors.

Design: We conducted semistructured in-depth interviews and used thematic analysis to code and group the data.

Update on prostate cancer in black men within the UK.

There is a wealth of evidence which can be traced back to the African transatlantic slave trade indicating that black men have a higher risk of prostate cancer compared to other ethnic groups. Migration to Westernised countries may have had little effect on the incidence of prostate cancer in this ethnic group; however, current evidence indicates that there are several complex factors that may contribute to this risk. Studies in the UK quote that black men are at 2-3 times the risk of prostate cancer in comparison to their Caucasian counterparts, with a 30% higher mortality rate.

Should every patient with hematospermia be investigated? A critical review.

Hematospermia or hemospermia is defined as the presence of blood in ejaculate. It often invokes considerable anxiety and is frightening for the patient. Mostly, it is due to infectious causes and regarded as a benign and self-limiting condition particularly in younger patients.

Treating stuttering priapism.

Stuttering priapism is an uncommon recurrent form of ischaemic priapism consisting of episodes of unwanted, painful erections that typically last for <3 h. It occurs repeatedly with intervening periods of detumescence. If these episodes are not treated, it may evolve into a classic ischaemic priapism and eventually lead to irreversible corporal fibrosis with permanent erectile dysfunction.

A Review in Management of Testicular Cancer: Single Center Review.

Background: Testicular cancer is one of the few solid cancers that can be cured even when it is metastasized with overall survival rate of more than 90%. The aim of this study was to establish the age adjusted incidence of testicular cancer and to critically assess the management of testicular tumor.

Methods: This is a quantitative retrospective study utilizing a review of clinical notes for patients who underwent testicular orchidectomy.

Prevention of catheter-related urinary tract infections.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the most common nosocomial infection, with hospitalized patients having a risk of 5% per day an indwelling catheter is in place. Use of catheters coated with silver alloy-hydrogel significantly reduces the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection and the burden on the NHS.

Testicular varicocele: an overview.

Testicular varicocele or varicocele is one of the common causes of scrotal swelling. It is predominantly found in the adolescent and young adult age group and it can adversely affect testicular function in a variety of ways. There is a considerable debate about the effects of varicoceles on future fertility, but the current evidence suggests that varicoceles are found in a higher percentage among males attending the infertility clinics and that treatment of varicoceles is associated with increased spontaneous conception rates among infertile couples.

Prostate cancer disparities in Black men of African descent: a comparative literature review of prostate cancer burden among Black men in the United States, Caribbean, United Kingdom, and West Africa.

Background: African American men have the highest prostate cancer morbidity and mortality rates than any other racial or ethnic group in the US. Although the overall incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer has been declining in White men since 1991, the decline in African American men lags behind White men. Of particular concern is the growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry in the Caribbean Islands, United Kingdom and West Africa.

Prostatitis syndrome, an overview.

Prostatitis is one on the common health problem affecting males in all age group. It is classified by the National Institute of Health (NIH) into four major types according to the underlying cause, clinical presentation and treatment. Abacterial chronic prostatitis represents the commonest type and it is the least understood in terms of aetiology and pathogenesis.

The risk of prostate cancer amongst black men in the United Kingdom: the PROCESS cohort study.

Objectives: It is known that African American men have a greater risk of prostate cancer than white men. We investigated whether this was true for first-generation black Caribbean and black African men in the United Kingdom.

Methods: A clinical cohort study design recruiting all cases of prostate cancer diagnosed over a 5-yr period and residing in defined areas of London and Bristol.

Gonadotropins and prostate cancer: revisited.

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are called gonadotropins, because they stimulate the gonads - in males the testes and in females the ovaries. They are not necessary for life, but are essential for reproduction. In addition, the association of these hormones with prostate cancer has been the interest of many researchers.

Risk and presenting features of prostate cancer amongst African-Caribbean, South Asian and European men in North-east London.

Objective: To determine whether there are ethnic differences in the incidence and presenting features of all patients with prostate cancer presenting in North-east London, UK.

Patients And Methods: All newly diagnosed men with prostate cancer between 1999 and 2000 who were resident in the East London and City Health Authority were identified from various sources. Key clinical features were extracted from hospital records.