Coress is an independent charity, supported by AXA Health, the MDU and the WPA Benevolent Foundation.

We are grateful to those who have provided the material for these reports. The online reporting form is available on the website (www.coress.

mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine-Associated Myopericarditis in Adolescents: A Survey Study.

In this survey study of institutions across the US, marked variability in evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of adolescents 12 through 18 years of age with mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-associated myopericarditis was noted. Only one adolescent with life-threatening complications was reported, with no deaths at any of the participating institutions.

A novel multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) methodology for application in hyperspectral Raman imaging analysis.

Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) applied to hyperspectral Raman imaging is extensively used to spatially and spectrally resolve the individual, pure chemical species within complex, heterogeneous samples. A critical aspect of performing MCR-ALS with hyperspectral Raman imaging is the selection of the number of chemical components within the experimental data. Several methods have previously been proposed to determine the number of chemical components, but it remains a challenging task that if done incorrectly, can lead to the loss of chemical information.

Raman Microspectroscopic Mapping with Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) Applied to the High-Pressure Polymorph of Titanium Dioxide, TiO-II.

The high-pressure, α-PbO-structured polymorph of titanium dioxide (TiO-II) was recently identified in micrometer-sized grains recovered from four Neoarchean spherule layers deposited between ∼2.65 and ∼2.54 billion years ago.

Spatial and spectral resolution of carbonaceous material from hematite (α-FeO) using multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) with Raman microspectroscopic mapping: implications for the search for life on Mars.

The search for evidence of extant or past life on Mars is a primary objective of both the upcoming Mars 2020 rover (NASA) and ExoMars 2020 rover (ESA/Roscosmos) missions. This search will involve the detection and identification of organic molecules and/or carbonaceous material within the Martian surface environment. For the first time on a mission to Mars, the scientific payload for each rover will include a Raman spectrometer, an instrument well-suited for this search.

Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) with Raman Imaging Applied to Lunar Meteorites.

Lunar meteorites provide a more random sampling of the surface of the Moon than do the returned lunar samples, and they provide valuable information to help estimate the chemical composition of the lunar crust, the lunar mantle, and the bulk Moon. As of July 2014, ∼96 lunar meteorites had been documented and ten of these are unbrecciated mare basalts. Using Raman imaging with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), we investigated portions of polished thin sections of paired, unbrecciated, mare-basalt lunar meteorites that had been collected from the LaPaz Icefield (LAP) of Antarctica-LAP 02205 and LAP 04841.

Surgical and procedural skills training at medical school - a national review.

This national study quantifies procedural and surgical skills training at medical schools in the United Kingdom (UK), a stipulated requirement of all graduates by the General Medical Council (GMC). A questionnaire recorded basic procedural and surgical skills training provided by medical schools and surgical societies in the UK. Skills were extracted from (1) GMC Tomorrows Doctors and (2) The Royal College of Surgeons Intercollegiate Basic Surgical Skills (BSS) course.

Surgical Safety Training of World Health Organization Initiatives.

Undergraduate training in surgical safety is essential to maximize patient safety. This national review quantified undergraduate surgical safety training. Training of 2 international safety initiatives was quantified: (1) World Health Organization (WHO) "Guidelines for Safe Surgery" and (2) Department of Health (DoH) "Principles of the Productive Operating Theatre.

Role of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics.

Background: The purpose of this statement is to address the state of evidence on the routine use of pulse oximetry in newborns to detect critical congenital heart disease (CCHD).

Methods And Results: A writing group appointed by the American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics reviewed the available literature addressing current detection methods for CCHD, burden of missed and/or delayed diagnosis of CCHD, rationale of oximetry screening, and clinical studies of oximetry in otherwise asymptomatic newborns. MEDLINE database searches from 1966 to 2008 were done for English-language papers using the following search terms: congenital heart disease, pulse oximetry, physical examination, murmur, echocardiography, fetal echocardiography, and newborn screening.

Role of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the AHA and AAP.

Background: The purpose of this statement is to address the state of evidence on the routine use of pulse oximetry in newborns to detect critical congenital heart disease (CCHD).

Methods And Results: A writing group appointed by the American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics reviewed the available literature addressing current detection methods for CCHD, burden of missed and/or delayed diagnosis of CCHD, rationale of oximetry screening, and clinical studies of oximetry in otherwise asymptomatic newborns. MEDLINE database searches from 1966 to 2008 were done for English-language papers using the following search terms: congenital heart disease, pulse oximetry, physical examination, murmur, echocardiography, fetal echocardiography, and newborn screening.

Local versus systemic mechanisms underlying supervised exercise training for intermittent claudication.

The mechanisms by which exercise training improves intermittent claudication remain unclear. In this article, the effects of local and systemic physiological factors on improved exercise tolerance after a supervised exercise program in claudicants are investigated. A total of 60 patients were randomized to 3 months of supervised exercise followed by 3 months of unsupervised exercise, or to exercise advice alone (control).

White coat hypertension in childhood: evidence for end-organ effect.

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that white coat hypertension (WCH) represents a prehypertensive state by correlating ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) results with BP response to treadmill exercise (TE) and echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in children with high blood pressure (HBP).

Study Design: We evaluated 119 consecutive children age 6 to 18 years (mean = 13.3 years; 65% male) referred for HBP.

Long-term reduction of medial and intimal thickening in porcine saphenous vein grafts with a polyglactin biodegradable external sheath.

Objectives: The development of neointimal hyperplasia with subsequent atherosclerotic deposition has been proposed to cause most late vein graft failures. Our unit has previously demonstrated that placement of a macroporous, loose-fitting polyester external stent prevents neointimal thickening in porcine vein grafts, and has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to prevent late vein graft failure. To reduce any potential long-term complications of the permanent polyester stent, a study was undertaken to investigate the effect of a biodegradable external stent on porcine vein graft thickening at 1 month and to identify its longer term effects at 6 months.

A bioabsorbable (polyglactin), nonrestrictive, external sheath inhibits porcine saphenous vein graft thickening.

Objective: External, nonrestrictive, macro-porous polyester stents prevent neointima formation in porcine vein grafts and have been proposed as a therapeutic approach to the prevention of late vein graft failure. These stents are nonbiodegradable and therefore may promote long-term foreign body problems including infection and inflammation. The effect of external macro-porous biodegradable (polyglactin) sheaths on neointimal and medial thickening in porcine vein grafts was therefore investigated.

The endothelin 1A receptor antagonist BSF 302146 is a potent inhibitor of neointimal and medial thickening in porcine saphenous vein-carotid artery interposition grafts.

Objective: Late saphenous vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is initiated by medial thickening and neointima formation, both of which are mediated by the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Because porcine vein grafts contain high levels of endothelin 1 receptor subtypes and endothelin 1 promotes the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, the effect of administration of the endothelin 1(A) receptor antagonist BSF 302146 ([+]-[S]-2-[4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yloxy]-3,3-diphenyl-butanoic acid) on porcine vein graft thickening was investigated.

Methods: Saphenous vein-carotid artery interposition grafting was performed in 4 groups of large white pigs (30-35 kg, n = 10 for each group).

A role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cardiac physiology and function as demonstrated by AhR knockout mice.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand activated transcription factor, is the receptor for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in tobacco smoke, polychlorinated biphenyls, and the environmental pollutant, dioxin. To better understand the role of the AhR in the heart, echocardiography, invasive measurements of aortic and left ventricular pressures, isolated working heart preparations, as well as morphological and molecular analysis were used to investigate the impact of AhR inactivation on the mouse heart using the AhR knockout as a model. Cardiac hypertrophy is an early phenotypic manifestation of the AhR knockout.

High incidence of cardiac malformations in connexin40-deficient mice.

Gap junctions are intercellular channels formed by oligomerization of a protein called connexin (Cx). The heart expresses at least three connexin isotypes: Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45. A possible role for Cx40 in cardiac morphogenesis remains to be determined.