Retrospective analysis of whole-body cryotherapy adverse effects in Division I collegiate athletes.

Context: Although the physiological effects and the performance of athletes after utilizing whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) have been widely studied, there is a lack of data on its adverse effects. It is important to be aware of the adverse effects of any treatment for its use to be properly recommended.

Objectives: This study aims to provide insight to any adverse effects that collegiate athletes experienced after utilizing WBC to better utilize this therapeutic modality.

Evaluation of analogs of mutacin 1140 in systemic and cutaneous methicillin-resistant infection models in mice.

Mutacin 1140 (Mu1140) is a potent antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria, such as . The antibiotic is produced by the oral bacterium and is a member of the epidermin family of type AI lantibiotics. The antibiotic exerts its inhibitory activity by binding to the cell wall precursor lipid II, blocking cell wall synthesis, and by disrupting bacterial membranes.

Formulation, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Efficacy Studies of Occidiofungin, a Novel Antifungal.

Occidiofungin is a nonribosomally synthesized cyclic lipopeptide that possesses broad-spectrum antifungal properties at submicromolar concentrations. This report explores multiple routes of administration and formulations of occidiofungin, as well as its toxicity in mice. Further, infection studies were performed in mice to assess the application of occidiofungin for treating systemic and intravaginal yeast infections.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Lantibiotic-Producing Strain Streptococcus salivarius HS0302.

Streptococcus salivarius is a prevalent commensal species of human oral mucosal surfaces. strain HS0302 produces the type AII lantibiotic salivaricin A2. Here, we report its draft genome sequence, revealing its potential to produce a variety of bacteriocins.

Effects of climate on dental mesowear of extant koalas and two broadly distributed kangaroos throughout their geographic range.

Dental mesowear analysis can classify the diets of extant herbivores into general categories such as grazers, mixed-feeders, and browsers by using the gross wear patterns found on individual teeth. This wear presumably results from both abrasion (food-on-tooth wear) and attrition (tooth-on-tooth wear) of individual teeth. Mesowear analyses on extinct ungulates have helped generate hypotheses regarding the dietary ecology of mammals across space and time, and recent developments have expanded the use of dental mesowear analysis to herbivorous marsupial taxa including kangaroos, wombats, possums, koalas, and relatives.

Multidrug resistant Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high-risk beef stocker cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk stocker cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed stocker cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin.

Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2.

Lantibiotics are a class of lanthionine-containing, ribosomally synthesized, and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) produced by Gram-positive bacteria. Salivaricin A2 belongs to the type AII lantibiotics, which are generally considered to kill Gram-positive bacteria by binding to the cell wall precursor lipid II via a conserved ring A structure. Salivaricin A2 was first reported to be isolated from a probiotic strain, K12, but the structural and bioactivity characterizations of the antibiotic have remained limited.

Adhesion and Invasion Assay Procedure Using Caco-2 Cells for .

is an important Gram-positive foodborne pathogen that is a particular problem in ready-to-eat food. It has an ability to survive in harsh conditions like refrigeration temperatures and high salt concentrations and is known to cross intestinal, placental and blood-brain barriers. Several cancerous cell lines like cervical, liver, dendritic, intestinal and macrophages have been used to study propagation and survival of listeria in human cells.

Seed Germination and Seedling Characteristic of ipomoea and Merremia (Convolvulaceae) in Lambayeque (Peru).

Background And Objective: Studies were undertaken to determine the effects of in vivo germination of mechanically scarified with and without sandpaper, chemically scarified with H2SO4 for 40 min and without H2SO4 and in vitro germinated with sandpaper and with sandpaper and GA3 seeds of ipomoea and Merremia in the Lambayeque region and surrounding areas (Peru).

Materials And Methods: Seeds of 16 species of ipomoea and 3 species of Merremia collected from Lambayeque (Peru) were germinated under in vivo and in vitro conditions and measured the angle of divergence of seedlings and the data were analysed by ANOVA.

Results: in the in vivo germination process, mechanical and chemical scarification caused an increase in germination and in the in vitro germination process mechanical scarification with sandpaper and GA3 also caused an increase in germination.

Characterization of a novel two-component regulatory system, HptRS, the regulator for the hexose phosphate transport system in Staphylococcus aureus.

Hexose phosphate is an important carbon source within the cytoplasm of host cells. Bacterial pathogens that invade, survive, and multiply within various host epithelial cells exploit hexose phosphates from the host cytoplasm through the hexose phosphate transport (HPT) system to gain energy and synthesize cellular components. In Escherichia coli, the HPT system consists of a two-component regulatory system (UhpAB) and a phosphate sensor protein (UhpC) that tightly regulate expression of a hexose phosphate transporter (UhpT).

Lactococcosis in Silver Carp.

An adult Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with a focally extensive skin lesion near the caudal peduncle and mild iridial hemorrhage was submitted to the Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ARDL) in Stoneville, Mississippi, as part of a fish kill investigation. Touch impressions of this musculoskeletal lesion revealed small cocci (∼1 μm) in pairs or chains within an inflammatory milieu. A pure Gram-positive cocci isolate was obtained from the brain, while cultures of the kidney and muscle yielded multiple bacterial colony types, including the Gram-positive cocci seen in the brain.

Nonclinical toxicological evaluation of occidiofungin, a unique glycolipopeptide antifungal.

Occidiofungin, a glycolipopeptide obtained from the liquid culture of Burkholderia contaminans MS14, has been identified as a novel fungicide. The present study was designed to initially assess the in vitro toxicity in a rat hepatoma (H4IIE) cell line and acute toxicological effects of occidiofungin using a mouse model. In vitro toxicity was observed in all variables at 5 μmol/L.

Occidiofungin's chemical stability and in vitro potency against Candida species.

Occidiofungin is a cyclic glyco-lipopeptide produced by Burkholderia contaminans. MICs against Candida species were between 0.5 and 2.

Genome sequence of the solvent-producing bacterium Clostridium carboxidivorans strain P7T.

Clostridium carboxidivorans strain P7(T) is a strictly anaerobic acetogenic bacterium that produces acetate, ethanol, butanol, and butyrate. The C. carboxidivorans genome contains all the genes for the carbonyl branch of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for CO(2) fixation, and it encodes enzymes for conversion of acetyl coenzyme A into butanol and butyrate.

Occidiofungin, a unique antifungal glycopeptide produced by a strain of Burkholderia contaminans.

Bacterial strain Burkholderia contaminans MS14 was isolated from soil that suppressed brown patch disease of lawn grass. An antifungal compound was purified from the liquid culture of this bacterium. In this study, complete covalent structures of two purified closely related antifungal compounds were determined by the experiments of TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, 13C HSQC 2D NMR, and ESI-MS and GC.

A multiplex PCR for species- and virulence-specific determination of Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes internalin gene inlJ has been described previously for differentiation of virulent from avirulent strains. However, a recent report indicated that there exist some unusual lineage IIIB strains (e.g.

Toward an improved laboratory definition of Listeria monocytogenes virulence.

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that encompasses a diversity of strains with varied virulence. The ability to rapidly determine the pathogenic potential of L. monocytogenes strains is integral to the control and prevention campaign against listeriosis.

Characteristics of cell-mediated, anti-listerial immunity induced by a naturally avirulent Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4a strain HCC23.

The characteristics of cell-mediated, anti-listerial immune response initiated by an avirulent Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4a strain HCC23 was assessed. Similar to virulent strain EGD, avirulent strain HCC23 grew readily within macrophage-like J774 cells, but nonhemolytic strain ATCC 15313 did not. Compared with EGD, HCC23 induced a relatively low level of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in mice, and ATCC 15313 stimulated no detectable IFN-gamma.

Listeria monocytogenes subgroups IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC delineate genetically distinct populations with varied pathogenic potential.

Listeria monocytogenes lineage III strains belonging to subgroups IIIA (n = 8), IIIB (n = 5), and IIIC (n = 6) were examined along with other known serotype strains (n = 11) by PCR and Southern hybridization using several recently described species-, virulence-, and serotype-specific primers and probes. The virulence of seven representative lineage III strains was then evaluated in mice via the intraperitoneal route. The results suggest that subgroup IIIA consists of typical rhamnose-positive avirulent serotype 4a and virulent serotype 4c strains, subgroup IIIC consists of atypical rhamnose-negative virulent serotype 4c strains, and subgroup IIIB consists of atypical rhamnose-negative virulent non-serotype 4a and non-serotype 4c strains, some of which may be related to serotype 7.

PCR detection of pathogenic Leptospira genomospecies targeting putative transcriptional regulator genes.

The genus Leptospira comprises multiple genomospecies that demonstrate varied pathogenic potential. The availability of rapid and precise diagnostic procedures to differentiate pathogenic from nonpathogenic Leptospira spp. is therefore essential to prevent an otherwise easily treatable malaise from developing into a life-threatening disease.

Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages I and III possess distinct molecular features.

A collection of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages I and III were examined by PCR and Southern blot analysis using species-, virulence-, and serotype-specific primers and probes. Whereas four serotype 4b lineage I strains reacted in PCR with the serotype 4b-, 4d-, and 4e-specific ORF2110 and virulence-specific lmo1134 and lmo2821 primers, all nine serotype 4b lineage III strains were negative by ORF2110 and lmo1134 primers. In addition, the nine serotype 4b lineage III strains formed two separate groups through their reactions in PCR with virulence-specific lmo2821 primers.

Rapid identification of Streptococcus pyogenes with PCR primers from a putative transcriptional regulator gene.

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is a common bacterial pathogen that has emerged as an increasingly important health concern in many parts of the world. Although GAS may appear harmless in healthy individuals, the ability of this bacterium to take advantage of a weakened or compromised host defense system is extraordinary. Following the recent publication of the genome sequences of several S.

Isolation and PCR amplification of a species-specific oxidoreductase-coding gene region in Listeria grayi.

Listeria grayi is a nonpathogenic Gram-positive bacterium that demonstrates considerable similarities to other members in the genus Listeria, including the foodborne human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and the animal pathogen Listeria ivanovii. A rapid diagnostic test to identify and diagnose listeriosis would be valuable, especially in cases where the presence of L. grayi may complicate diagnosis.

Comparative assessment of acid, alkali and salt tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes virulent and avirulent strains.

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of man and animals that has the capacity to survive under extreme environmental conditions. While our knowledge on L. monocytogenes and its ability to sustain within wide pH and temperature ranges and salt concentrations has been largely built on the virulent strains of this species, relatively little is known about avirulent strains in this regard.