Assessment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas in French Polynesia After Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Performed by France.

Importance: Due to the amount of iodine 131 released in nuclear tests and its active uptake by the thyroid, differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most serious health risk for the population living near sites of nuclear tests. Whether low doses to the thyroid from nuclear fallout are associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer remains a controversial issue in medicine and public health, and a misunderstanding of this issue may be associated with overdiagnosis of DTCs.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study was conducted by extending a case-control study published in 2010 that included DTCs diagnosed between 1984 and 2003 by adding DTCs diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 and improving the dose assessment methodology.

Thyroid Doses to French Polynesians Resulting from Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests: Estimates Based on Radiation Measurements and Population Lifestyle Data.

Thyroid doses were estimated for the subjects of a population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer in a population exposed to fallout after atmospheric nuclear weapons tests conducted in French Polynesia between 1966 and 1974. Thyroid doses due to (1) intake of I and of short-lived radioiodine isotopes (I, I, I) and Te, (2) external irradiation from gamma-emitting radionuclides deposited on the ground, and (3) ingestion of long-lived Cs with foodstuffs were reconstructed for each study subject. The dosimetry model that had been used in 2008 in Phase I of the study was substantially improved with (1) results of radiation monitoring of the environment and foodstuffs, which became available in 2013 for public access, and (2) historical data on population lifestyle related to the period of the tests, which were collected in 2016-2017 using focus-group discussions and key informant interviews.

Behavior and Food Consumption Pattern of the French Polynesian Population in the 1960s -1970s.

Background: Reconstruction of radiation doses to the thyroid for a case-control study of thyroid cancer in French Polynesians exposed to radioactive fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests during childhood and adolescence faced a major limitation on very little availability of information on lifestyle of French Polynesians in the 1960s-1970s.

Method: We use the focus group discussion and key informant interview methodology to collect historical, for the 1960s-1970s, data on behavior and food consumption for French Polynesia population exposed to radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests conducted between 1966 and 1974.

Results: We obtained archipelago-specific data on food consumptions by children of different ages and by pregnant and lactating women during pregnancy and breastfeeding and behaviour, including time spent outdoors and type and construction materials of residences.

Common variants at 9q22.33, 14q13.3, and ATM loci, and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in the French Polynesian population.

Background: French Polynesia has one of the highest incidence rates of thyroid cancer worldwide. Relationships with the atmospheric nuclear weapons tests and other environmental, biological, or behavioral factors have already been reported, but genetic susceptibility has yet to be investigated. We assessed the contribution of polymorphisms at the 9q22.

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma risk factors in French Polynesia.

Background: To investigate differentiated thyroid cancer risk factors in natives of French Polynesia is of interest because of the very high incidence of this cancer in the archipelago.

Materials And Methods: To assess the role of various potential risk factors of thyroid cancer in the natives of French Polynesia we performed a case-control study. The study included almost all the French Polynesians diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma between 1981 and 2003 (n=229) and 373 French Polynesian control individuals from the general population without cancer.

Dietary patterns, goitrogenic food, and thyroid cancer: a case-control study in French Polynesia.

French Polynesia has one of the world's highest thyroid cancer incidence rates. A case-control study among native residents of French Polynesia included 229 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed between 1979 and 2004, and 371 population controls. Dietary patterns and goitrogenic food consumption (cabbage, cassava) were analyzed.

Dietary iodine and thyroid cancer risk in French Polynesia: a case-control study.

Background: French Polynesia has one of the world's highest thyroid cancer incidence rates. Iodine is suspected to play a role in this high incidence. The objective of this study was to assess whether low dietary iodine is related to a higher risk of thyroid cancer in the French Polynesian population.

Radiotherapy as a risk factor for malignant melanoma after childhood skin hemangioma.

The aim of this study was to determine therapy-related risk factors for the development of melanoma after hemangioma. A cohort study was conducted among 4620 patients treated before 16 years of age for skin hemangioma in France. A nested case-control study was also conducted on 13 patients who developed a melanoma (cases) matched with five controls in cohort according to sex, age at the hemangioma diagnostic, the calendar year of occurrence of the hemangioma, and follow-up.

Pooled analysis of two case-control studies in New Caledonia and French Polynesia of body mass index and differentiated thyroid cancer: the importance of body surface area.

Background: New Caledonia and French Polynesia have among of the world highest thyroid cancer incidence rates. Studies have demonstrated a relationship between anthropometric parameters and the prevalence of cancer. In this study we evaluated further the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric parameters on the incidence of thyroid cancer in the New Caledonia and French Polynesia populations.

Breast cancer following radiotherapy for a hemangioma during childhood.

Purpose: A cohort study was performed to investigate the carcinogenic effect of treatment of skin hemangioma with ionizing radiation in early childhood. This paper presents the incidence of breast cancer (BC) in this cohort and its association with radiotherapy.

Methods And Materials: In an incidence study, 3,316 women treated for a skin hemangioma between 1941 and 1977 at the Institut Gustave-Roussy were included, among whom 2,697 had received radiotherapy.

Family history of thyroid cancer and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in French polynesia.

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is considered to be the nonhereditary cancer for which familial inheritance is the highest. To date, no familial aggregation analysis of this cancer has been performed in Maohi populations, which exhibit a very high incidence rate. Therefore, we evaluate the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer associated with a family history of thyroid cancer in natives of French Polynesia.

Role of cancer treatment in long-term overall and cardiovascular mortality after childhood cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of treatment in long-term overall and cardiovascular mortality after childhood cancer.

Patients And Methods: We studied 4,122 5-year survivors of a childhood cancer diagnosed before 1986 in France and the United Kingdom. Information on chemotherapy was collected, and the radiation dose delivered to the heart was estimated for 2,870 patients who had received radiotherapy.

Thyroid adenomas and carcinomas following radiotherapy for a hemangioma during infancy.

Background And Purpose: A cohort study was performed to investigate the carcinogenic effect of treating skin hemangioma with ionizing radiation during early childhood. This paper presents the incidence of differentiated thyroid adenomas and carcinomas after radiotherapy in this cohort.

Methods And Materials: Of a total of 8307 patients treated for a skin hemangioma between 1940 and 1973 at the Institut Gustave-Roussy, 4767 were included in an incidence study, among whom 3795 had received radiotherapy.

[Frequency of cancer at older ages].

The dependency between the risk of death and age is analysed, and the contribution of cancer to the overall risk of death is evaluated as a function of age. The frequency of the different cancer sites is described in different age groups. Lastly cancer mortality trends are presented by age.

Anthropometric factors in differentiated thyroid cancer in French Polynesia: a case-control study.

Objectives: French Polynesia has one of the world's highest thyroid cancer incidence rates. A case-control study among native residents of French Polynesia included 219 cases of differentiated thyroid cancers diagnosed between 1979 and 2004 (195 women/24 men) matched with 359 population controls (315 women/44 men) on the date of birth.

Methods: Anthropometric factors were analyzed by conditional logistic regression.

Reconstruction of individual radiation doses for a case-control study of thyroid cancer in French Polynesia.

Forty-one atmospheric nuclear weapons tests (plus five safety tests) were conducted in French Polynesia between 1966 and 1974. To evaluate the potential role of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing on a high incidence of thyroid cancer observed since 1985 in French Polynesia, a population-based case-control study was performed. The study included 602 subjects, either cases or controls, all aged less than 40 y at the end of nuclear weapons testing in 1974.

[The frequency of cancer in France: mortality trends since 1950 and summary of the report on the causes of cancer].

In 2005, a total number of 149,000 cancer deaths were observed in France, 89,000 in the male population and 60,000 in the female population. Age-standardised mortality rates are decreasing for most cancer sites, at least in recent years, the main exception being lung cancer in the female population which has become the second cause of cancer deaths after breast cancer. The report on the attributable causes of cancer in France from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the French Science and Medical Academies and the Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer shows the importance of tobacco alcohol and infections.

Menstrual and reproductive factors in the risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in native women in French Polynesia: a population-based case-control study.

French Polynesia has one of the world's highest incidence rates of thyroid cancer. A case-control study among native residents of French Polynesia included 201 women diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer before the age of 56 years, between 1981 and 2004, matched to 324 population controls on date of birth. Face-to-face interviews were conducted from 2002 to 2004.

[Cancer mortality in France: the number of deaths is increasing but the risk of dying from cancer is decreasing].

Introduction: To analyze the trends in cancer mortality between 1968 and 2000, one needs to consider both the increase in the size of the population and the ageing of this population, since both phenomena lead to a mechanical increase in the number of deaths.

Methods: We describe the analysis of the variation in number of deaths to distinguish the demographic effects from the variation in risk. This variation in risk must be studied, controlling for both the size and the age of the population.

[The frequency of cancer in France: all ages and under age 15, mortality in 2003 and trends since 1968].

In 2003, there was 147,000 deaths attributed to cancer in France, 88,000 in men and 59,000 in women. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 1987 in the male population and since the late 60's in the female population, the decrease is larger for the male population. This decrease is observed for most sites of cancer at least in recent years, however lung and bladder cancer mortality are increasing in the female population, pancreatic and skin cancer mortality are increasing both for men and for women, and myeloma is more or less stable.

[The frequency of cancer in France in year 2002, and trends since 1968].

The estimated number of cancers diagnosed in 2002 is 150,000 in the male population and 120,000 in the female population and there were close to 88,000 cancer deaths among men and 59,000 cancer deaths among women in France. The most frequent cancer sites in the male population are prostate, lung, colon, intestine and head & neck (mouth, pharynx, larynx). In the female population, breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer, followed by colorectal cancer.

Radiation exposure and familial aggregation of cancers as risk factors for colorectal cancer after radioiodine treatment for thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: In thyroid cancer patients, radioiodine treatment has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of colon carcinoma. The aim of this study in thyroid cancer patients was to evaluate the role of familial factors in the risk of colorectal cancer and their potential interaction with radioiodine exposure.

Methods And Materials: We performed a case-control study on 15 colorectal cancer patients and 76 matched control subjects, nested in a cohort of 3708 thyroid cancer patients treated between 1933 and 1998.

[The frequency of cancer in France in year 2000, and trends since 1950].

In 2000, there were 87,000 cancer deaths among men and 57,000 cancer deaths among women in France. Cancer mortality is decreasing since 1987 in the male population and since the mid 1960s in the female population. The decrease is larger among men than among women.

Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection with newer chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine-coated catheters: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The indication of antiseptic-coated catheters remains debated.

Objective: To test the ability of the new generation of chlorhexidine-silver and sulfadiazine-coated catheters, with enhanced antiseptic coating, to reduce the risk of central venous catheter (CVC)-related infection in ICU patients.

Design: Multicentre randomized double-blind trial.