Since 2016, A(H5Nx) high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn France during winter 2016-2017, 487 outbreaks of clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe antigenic characterization of IBDV, a virus that causes an immunosuppressive disease in young chickens, has been historically addressed using cross virus neutralization (VN) assay and antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent (AC-ELISA). However, VN assay has been usually carried out either in specific antibody negative embryonated eggs, for non-cell culture adapted strains, which is tedious, or on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), which requires virus adaptation to cell culture. AC-ELISA has provided crucial information about IBDV antigenicity, but this information is limited to the epitopes included in the tested panel with a lack of information of overall antigenic view.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring winter 2020-2021, France and other European countries were severely affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses of the Gs/GD/96 lineage, clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn H3N1 avian influenza virus was detected in a laying hens farm in May 2019 which had experienced 25% mortality in Northern France. The complete sequencing of this virus showed that all segment sequences belonged to the Eurasian lineage and were phylogenetically very close to many of the Belgian H3N1 viruses detected in 2019. The French virus presented two genetic particularities with NA and NS deletions that could be related to virus adaptation from wild to domestic birds and could increase virulence, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report the full-length genome sequence (compared to reference sequences) of a novel European variant strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), designated 19P009381 (AxB1). This should help to further identify such viruses in Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhylogenetic evidence from the recent resurgence of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn 2016-2017, France experienced a devastating epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8, with more than 400 outbreaks reported in poultry farms. We analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the epidemic using a structured-coalescent-based phylodynamic approach that combined viral genomic data (n = 196; one viral genome per farm) and epidemiological data. In the process, we estimated viral migration rates between départements (French administrative regions) and the temporal dynamics of the effective viral population size (Ne) in each département.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn 2021, France faced large avian influenza outbreaks, like in 2016 and 2017. Controlling these outbreaks required the preventive depopulation of a large number of duck farms. A previous study in 2017 showed that the quality of decontamination of trucks and transport crates used for depopulation was often insufficient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is responsible for a highly contagious and sometimes lethal disease of chickens (). IBDV genetic variation is well-described for both field and live-attenuated vaccine strains, however, the dynamics and selection pressures behind this genetic evolution remain poorly documented. Here, genetically homogeneous virus stocks were generated using reverse genetics for a very virulent strain, rvv, and a vaccine-related strain, rCu-1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn autumn/winter 2016-2017, HPAI-H5N8 viruses belonging to the A/goose/Guandong/1/1996 (Gs/Gd) lineage, clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA group of pathogenic nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) related to the Mimiviridae family infect farmed sturgeons across Europe, causing mild-to-severe losses. One of these viruses, Acipenser iridovirus-European (AcIV-E), was identified in six sturgeon species. During the 2018-2019 period, nine sick Siberian (A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAvian influenza A viruses are a major threat to animal and public health. Since 1997, several highly pathogenic H5N1 avian viruses have been directly transmitted from poultry to humans, caused numerous human deaths, and had considerable economic impact on poultry markets. During 2015-2016, a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak occurred in southwestern France.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFirst recognized as highly pathogenic viruses, hare lagoviruses belonging to genotype GII.1 (EBHSV) infect various Lepus species. Genetically distinct benign lagoviruses (Hare Calicivirus, HaCV) have recently been identified but few data have been available so far on these strains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), the agent of an immunosuppressive and sometimes lethal disease in chickens, is causing recurrent outbreaks in broiler chickens in Egypt. In particular, an antigenically modified isolate of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) called 99323 was detected in Egypt nearly twenty years ago; this isolate was shown to be experimentally controlled by an antigenically classical live vaccine. However, acute IBD is still reported, even in vaccinated flocks, and little is known about the genetic and antigenic properties of viruses currently circulating in Egypt.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral Avian paramyxoviruses 1 (synonymous with Newcastle disease virus or NDV, used hereafter) classification systems have been proposed for strain identification and differentiation. These systems pioneered classification efforts; however, they were based on different approaches and lacked objective criteria for the differentiation of isolates. These differences have created discrepancies among systems, rendering discussions and comparisons across studies difficult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Resour Announc
December 2018
New genomic sequence data were acquired for the Acipenser iridovirus-European (AcIV-E), a virus whose complete genome and classification still remain to be elucidated. Here, we obtained the first full-length Major capsid protein (MCP) gene sequence for AcIV-E, as well as two additional open reading frames (ORFs) adjacent to the MCP gene. BLAST searches of the first ORF (α) resulted in no match to any gene or protein in the public databases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNewcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent class II avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus, NDV), occurs sporadically in poultry despite their having been immunized with commercial vaccines. These vaccines were all derived from NDV strains isolated around 70 years ago. Since then, class II NDV strains have evolved into 18 genotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive viral disease, present worldwide, which causes mortality and immunosuppression in young chickens. The causative agent, the Avibirnavirus IBDV, is a non-enveloped virus whose genome consists of two segments (A and B) of double-stranded RNA. Different pathotypes of IBDV exist, ranging from attenuated vaccine strains to very virulent viruses (vvIBDV).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral new highly pathogenic (HP) H5 avian influenza virus (AIV) have been detected in poultry farms from south-western France since November 2015, among which an HP H5N1. The zoonotic potential and origin of these AIVs immediately became matters of concern. One virus of each subtype H5N1 (150169a), H5N2 (150233) and H5N9 (150236) was characterised.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV, family Birnaviridae) is a bi-segmented double-stranded RNA virus for which two serotypes are described. Serotype 1 replicates in the bursa of Fabricius and causes an immunosuppressive and potentially fatal disease in young chickens. Serotype 2 is apathogenic in poultry species.
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