Decompression sickness can occur in divers even when recommended decompression procedures are followed. Furthermore, the physiological state of individuals can significantly affect bubbling variability. These informations highlight the need for personalized input to improve decompression in SCUBA diving.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiving decompression theory hypothesizes inflammatory processes as a source of micronuclei which could increase related risks. Therefore, we tested 10 healthy, male divers. They performed 6-8 dives with a maximum of two dives per day at depths ranging from 21 to 122 msw with CCR mixed gas diving.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFpresent transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO)-tcpCO-monitors suffer from limitations which hamper their widespread use, and call for a new tcpCO measurement technique. However, the progress in this area is hindered by the lack of knowledge in transcutaneous CO diffusion. To address this knowledge gap, this study focuses on investigating the influence of skin temperature on two key skin properties: CO permeability and skin blood flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDecompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders includes an inappropriate inflammatory response which degenerates slowly, even after the disappearance of the bubbles. There is high inter-individual variability in terms of the occurrence of DCS that could have been mastered by the selection and then the breeding of DCS-resistant rats. We hypothesized the selection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to autoimmunity operated upon a generation of a DCS-resistant strain of rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a therapeutical approach based on exposure to pure oxygen in an augmented atmospheric pressure. Although it has been used for years, the exact kinetics of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) between different pressures of hyperbaric oxygen exposure are still not clearly evidenced. In this study, the metabolic responses of hyperbaric hyperoxia exposures for 1 h at 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-term alterations of pulmonary function (mainly decreased airway conductance and capacity of the lungs to diffuse carbon monoxide (DLCO)) have been described after hyperbaric exposures. However, whether these alterations convey a higher risk for divers' safety has never been investigated before. The purpose of the present pilot study was to assess whether decreased DLCO is associated with modifications of the physiological response to diving.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, the metabolic responses of hypoxic breathing for 1 h to inspired fractions of 10% and 15% oxygen were investigated. To this end, 14 healthy nonsmoking subjects (6 females and 8 males, age: 32.2 ± 13.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Scientific underwater exploration could benefit from professional diving facilities. This could allow marine research for durations far exceeding anything currently possible. The closed-circuit rebreather expansion provides new perspectives by unleashing divers and their diving bell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOxygen is a powerful trigger for cellular reactions and is used in many pathologies, including oxidative stress. However, the effects of oxygen over time and at different partial pressures remain poorly understood. In this study, the metabolic responses of normobaric oxygen intake for 1 h to mild (30%) and high (100%) inspired fractions were investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Welding fumes (WF) are a complex mixture of gas and particles. Action of occupational exposure to WF on cardiovascular system has been recently studied as for noise.
Research Question: The main objectives of our study are therefore to evaluate the impact of exposure to WF, noise, and combined WF and noise on autonomic nervous system as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV).
Introduction: Susceptibility to decompression sickness (DCS) is characterised by a wide inter-individual variability whose origins are still poorly understood. This hampers reliable prediction of DCS by decompression algorithms. We previously selectively bred rats with a 3-fold greater resistance to DCS than standard rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Data regarding decompression stress after deep closed-circuit rebreather (CCR) dives are scarce. This study aimed to monitor technical divers during a wreck diving expedition and provide an insight in venous gas emboli (VGE) dynamics.
Methods: Diving practices of ten technical divers were observed.
Background: Divers thermal status influences susceptibility to decompression sickness hence the need for proper insulation during immersion in cold water. However, there is a lack of data on thermal protection provided by diving suits, hence this study.
Materials And Methods: Two different groups of divers wearing either a wetsuit (n = 15) or a dry suit (n = 15) volunteered for this study.
Purpose: Deep diving using mixed gas with closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) is increasingly common. However, data regarding the effects of these dives are still scarce. This preliminary field study aimed at evaluating the acute effects of deep (90-120 msw) mixed-gas CCR bounce dives on lung function in relation with other physiological parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn one side, decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders lead to a reshuffle of the fecal metabolome from rat caecum. On the other side, there is high inter-individual variability in terms of occurrence of DCS. One could wonder whether the fecal metabolome could be linked to the DCS-susceptibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiving Hyperb Med
September 2020
Introduction: Hydration status is considered a parameter likely to influence the risk of decompression sickness (DCS), but scientific evidence is scarce and conflicting. This experiment aimed to analyse the influence of pre-hydration on DCS occurrence in a rat model.
Methods: Intra-peritoneal injections of saline solution were administered to rats (NaCl 0.
Introduction: The effects of scuba diving on the vessel wall have been studied mainly at the level of large conduit arteries. Data regarding the microcirculation are scarce and indicate that these two vascular beds are affected differently by diving.
Methods: We assessed the changes in cutaneous microcirculation before an air scuba dive, then 30 min and 24 h after surfacing.
Decompression sickness (DCS) is a complex and poorly understood systemic disease with wide interindividual resistance variability. We selectively bred rats with a threefold greater resistance to DCS than standard ones. To investigate possible physiological mechanisms underlying the resistance to DCS, including sex-related differences in these mechanisms, 15 males and 15 females resistant to DCS were compared with aged-matched standard Wistar males ( = 15) and females ( = 15).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Sci Sports Exerc
October 2020
Unlabelled: For three decades, studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of perfluorocarbon (PFC) in reducing the onset of decompression trauma. However, none of these emulsion-based preparations are accepted for therapeutic use in the western world, mainly because of severe side effects and a long organ retention time. A new development to guarantee a stable dispersion without these disadvantages is the encapsulation of PFC in nanocapsules with an albumin shell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ocean racing has become increasingly demanding, both physically and psychologically. The aim of the study was to assess global changes after a transoceanic race.
Materials And Methods: Eight male sailors were evaluated pre- and post-race through anthropometric measurements (weight, skinfold, girth at different level and estimated body fat percentage), multifrequency tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance, muscular performance, visual analogic scale for perceived fatigue and Critical Flicker Fusion Frequencies for cerebral arousal.
Human diving is known to induce endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to decipher the mechanism of ROS production during diving through the measure of mitochondrial calcium concentration, peroxynitrite, NO°, and superoxide towards better understanding of dive-induced endothelial dysfunction. Air diving simulation using bovine arterial endothelial cells (compression rate 101 kPa/min to 808 kPa, time at depth 45 min) was performed in a system allowing real-time fluorescent measurement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Cognitive impairment related to inert gas narcosis (IGN) is a threat to diving safety and operations at depth that might be reduced by using enriched air nitrox (EANx) mixtures. Using critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF), a possible early detection of cognitive abilities/cerebral arousal impairment when breathing different oxygen (O2) fractions was investigated.
Methods: Eight male volunteers performed, in random order, two dry chamber dives breathing either air or EANx40 (40% O₂-60% nitrogen) for 20 minutes (min) at 0.