Easy-to-use imaging-cytometry assay to analyze chitin patterns in yeasts.

Background & Aim: Pathogenic fungi are a major threat to public health, and fungal infections are becoming increasingly common and treatment resistant. Chitin, a component of the fungal cell wall, modifies host immunity and contributes to antifungal resistance. Moreover, chitin content is regulated by chitin synthases and chitinases.

Use and reporting of inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting for multicategory treatments in medical research: a systematic review.

Objectives: Causal inference methods for observational data represent an alternative to randomised controlled trials when they are not feasible or when real-world evidence is sought. Inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) is one of the most popular approaches to account for confounding in observational studies. In medical research, IPTW is mainly applied to estimate the causal effect of a binary treatment, even when the treatment has in fact multiple categories, despite the availability of IPTW estimators for multiple treatment categories.

Safety profile of immune checkpoint inhibitors according to cancer type.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment in recent years, but have led to the emergence of new so-called immune-related adverse events (irAE). The objective of this study was to determine whether cancer type is a potential predictive factor of irAEs.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had started an ICI treatment between 2019 and 2020 at the Grenoble Alpes University Hospital.

The individual and societal prices of non-adherence to continuous positive airway pressure, contributors, and strategies for improvement.

Introduction: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). CPAP is highly effective for improving symptoms and quality of life, but the major issue is adherence, with up to 50% of OSA discontinuing CPAP in the first 3 years after CPAP initiation.

Areas Covered: We present the individual and societal costs of non-adherence to CPAP, factors associated with non-adherence to CPAP, as well as current strategies for improving adherence including telehealth, couple-based interventions, and behavioral interventions.

Impact of extended interval dosing of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID 19-pandemic has led physicians to change their approach to treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to reduce hospital stays for patients.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the toxicity and efficacy of extended interval (EI) dosing of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) compared to standard dosing (SD).

Methods: In this retrospective two-center study, we included patients with stage III/IV NSCLC who were treated with ICIs with or without maintenance pemetrexed during the month before March 2020.

Quality of life of patients with solid malignancies at 3 months after unplanned admission in the intensive care unit: A prospective case-control study.

Background: Although short- and long-term survival in critically ill patients with cancer has been described, data on their quality of life (QoL) after an intensive care unit (ICU) stay are scarce. This study aimed to determine the impact of an ICU stay on QoL assessed at 3 months in patients with solid malignancies.

Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted in three French ICUs between February 2020 and February 2021.

Attributable Mortality of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Among Patients with COVID-19.

Patients with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are at higher risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and may have an increased attributable mortality (increased or decreased risk of death if VAP occurs in a patient) and attributable fraction (proportion of deaths that are attributable to an exposure) of VAP-related mortality compared with subjects without coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Estimation of the attributable mortality of the VAP among patients with COVID-19. Using the REA-REZO surveillance network, three groups of adult medical ICU patients were computed: control group (patients admitted between 2016 and 2019; prepandemic patients), pandemic COVID-19 group (PandeCOV), and pandemic non-COVID-19 group (PandeCOV) admitted during 2020.

Application of Inverse-Probability-of-Treatment Weighting to Estimate the Effect of Daytime Sleepiness in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the first line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is considered effective in reducing daytime sleepiness. Its efficacy relies on adequate adherence, often defined as 4 hours per night. However, this binary threshold may limit our understanding of the causal effect of CPAP adherence and daytime sleepiness, and a multilevel approach for CPAP adherence can be more appropriate.